Conditions for the Adaptation of Young Children to a Preschool Education Institution

Актуальність теми статті визначається проблемами, які постають перед батьками й педагогами на початку відвідування дитиною закладу дошкільної освіти. Тому метою даного дослідження є виявлення й перевірка ефективності низки умов успішної адаптації дітей раннього віку до нового соціального оточення. Аналіз педагогічних і психологічних джерел дозволив виділити такі умови й довести їх ефективність. Рівні адаптованості дітей перевірилися за методикою Н. Ватутіної. У ході експерименту використовувалися форми співпраці з родинами вихованців, методи й засоби створення емоційно-позитивної атмосфери в дитячому колективі та зняття емоційного напруження дітей.The relevance of the topic of the article is determined by the problems that parents and teachers face when a child enters a preschool education institution. Due to the lack of close people, changes in the environment, habitual conditions and rhythm of life, the child is in a state of anxiety, which determines his emotional tension. Based on this, the purpose of the study is to identify and test the effectiveness of a number of conditions for the successful adaptation of young children to a new social environment. Analysis of pedagogical and psychological sources made it possible to determine such conditions and prove their effectiveness. The levels of adaptation of children were checked according to the N. Vatutina’s method. The survey was conducted on the following indicators: sleep (falling asleep, the nature of sleep, sleep duration); the child’s appetite; emotional condition; activity; relationship skills (with adults, with peers); speech. At the ascertaining stage of the experiment were 33 % of children with a medium level of adaptability and 67 % with a low level of adaptability. The main conditions for helping children to adapt are: interaction with parents; elimination of psycho-emotional stress; creating an emotionally positive atmosphere in the group of children. During the experiment, forms of cooperation with the children’s families were used: providing advice about preparation of the child for kindergarten, approximation of kindergarten conditions to home, to form positive attitudes. The methods and means of creating an emotionally positive atmosphere in the children’s team were introduced in the classes and games. And for relieving children’s tension were offered different exercises, music, games, drawing. The pupils were most interested in joint activities with adults. It is important to acquaint the child with the subject environment of the group room. Young children learn techniques with objects, therefore it is necessary to teach them to perform actions with the least effort, but with the best result. After two months as a result of the molding stage of the experiment there were 73 % of children with a high level and 27 % with a medium level of adaptability. There were no children with a low level of adaptability