Molecular and immunological methods in food microbiology

Patogeni koji se prenose hranom mogu se pronaći u različitim namirnicama, a važno ih je otkriti kako bi se spriječile bolesti koje se prenose hranom i/ili vodom. Konvencionalne metode koje se koriste za otkrivanje patogena prenosivih hranom dugotrajne su i zahtijevaju puno rada. Stoga su razvijene različite tzv. brze metode za otkrivanje uzročnika bolesti koji se prenose hranom. Te metode mogu se kategorizirati u metode na bazi nukleinskih kiselina, na bazi biosenzora i imunološke metode. Ovaj pregled naglašava prednosti i nedostatke molekularnih i imunoloških metoda. Uključene metode detekcije su lančana reakcija polimerazom (PCR) i njene podvarijante, te enzimski imunoenzimski test (ELISA) i njegove podvarijante. Brze metode općenito su osjetljive, vremenski učinkovite, specifične i zahtijevaju manje rada. Razvoj ovih metoda važan je za prevenciju i liječenje bolesti koje se prenose hranom.Foodborne pathogens can be found in a variety of foods, and it is important to detect them in order to prevent foodborne and/or waterborne diseases. Conventional methods used to detect foodborne pathogens are time consuming and require a lot of work. Therefore, various so-called rapid methods for detecting foodborne pathogens are developed. These methods can be categorized into nucleic acid-based, biosensor-based, and immunological methods. This review highlights the advantages and disadvantages of molecular and immunological methods. Included detection methods are polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and its subvariants, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and its subvariants. Fast methods are generally sensitive, time-efficient, specific, and require less work. The development of these methods is important for the prevention and treatment of foodborne diseases