Some determinants/factors of gambling in high school students

Kockanje je postalo sastavni dio odrastanja, a adolescenti se smatraju najranjivijom skupinom. Kako kockanje spada u rizično ponašanje, njegovu razvoju pridonose razni čimbenici. U individualne čimbenike ubrajamo razna emocionalna i psihološka obilježja pojedinca, a u okolinske čimbenike ubrajamo sociodemografske, obiteljske i vršnjačke čimbenike. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati zastupljenost te intenzitet kockanja kod srednjoškolskih učenika, kao i razlike s obzirom na spol i dob, tj. pohađaju li srednjoškolski učenici niži ili viši razred. Zatim, cilj je bio ispitati odnos školskog uspjeha i intenziteta kockanja kod srednjoškolskih učenika kao i odnos individualnih (impulzivnost), obiteljskih (percepcija obiteljskih odnosa, tj. percepcija odnosa s majkom i ocem) i vršnjačkih (vršnjački pritisak) čimbenika s globalnom mjerom rizičnosti za razvoj psihosocijalnih posljedica povezanih s kockanjem. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 157 (44%) djevojaka i 198 (56%) mladića koji su učenici prvih, drugih, trećih i četvrtih razreda gimnazije, strukovne četverogodišnje i strukovne trogodišnje srednje škole na području grada Splita čija je prosjeĉna dob 16.49 godina. Mladići, za razliku od djevojaka, češće odlaze u sportske kladionice, češće sudjeluju u virtualnim utrkama konja i internetskom kockanju. No, djevojke, za razliku od mladića, češće kupuju jednokratne srećke i uplaćuju loto listiće. Mladići postižu više rezultate u ispitivanju globalne mjere rizičnosti za razvoj psihosocijalnih posljedica kockanja od djevojaka. Srednjoškolski učenici koji postižu lošiji školski uspjeh češće sudjeluju u sljedećim kockarskim aktivnostima: sportskim kladionicama, igrama na automatima, elektronskom ruletu, ruletu s krupijeom, igrama u kasinu, virtualnim utrkama konja i internetskom kockanju te postižu veće rezultate na subskali koja ispituje globalnu mjeru rizičnosti za razvoj psihosocijalnih posljedica kockanja i obratno. Srednjoškolski učenici koji imaju izraženije psihosocijalne posljedice kockanja podložniji su vršnjačkom pritisku, impulzivniji su, roditelji ih više kontroliraju te percipiraju manje očeve podrške i otac im je popustljiviji u odgoju. Ostale ispitivane razlike i povezanosti nisu utvrđene.Gambling has become an integral part of growing up and adolescents are considered the most vulnerable group when it comes to gambling. As gambling is considered a risky behavior, various factors contribute to its development. Individual factors include various emotional and psychological characteristics of the individual. Environmental factors include sociodemographic, family and peer factors. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of risk and the intensity of gambling in high school students, as well as differences with regard to gender and age, i.e. whether high school students attend lower or upper grade. Furthermore, the relationship between school success and gambling intensity in high school students will be examined. In addition, it will be analyzed the relationship between individual (impulsiveness), family (perception of family relationships, i.e., perception of mother-father relationship) and peer (peer pressure) factors with a global measure of risk for the development of psychosocial consequences associated with gambling. In the research were 157 (44%) girls and 198 (56%) boys, students of the first, second, third and fourth grade of high school, as well as students of vocational four-year and vocational three-year schools in the city od Split, whose average age was 16.49. Boys and girls differ in the intensity of playing particular games of chance. Boys, unlike girls, are more likely to go to sportsbooks, to participate in virtual horse races and online gambling. But girls, unlike boys, more often buy scratchcards and pay for lottery tickets. Boys score higher results in examining a global risk measure for the development of psychosocial consequences of gambling than girls. High school students who perform worse in school are more likely to participate in the following gambling activities: sports betting, slot machine games, electronic roulette, croupier roulette, casino games, virtual horse racing and online gambling, and to score higher results on a subscale that examines the global risk measurement of the development of psychosocial consequences of gambling and vice versa. High school students who have more pronounced psychosocial consequences of gambling are more susceptible to peer pressure and more impulsive, also they perceive less of their father's support and their father is more compliant in their upbringing. Other examined differences and correlations were not determined