Rechargeable battery models and battery management system

Baterije danas imaju široku primjenu od prijenosnih elektriĉnih ureĊaja do elektriĉnih hibridnih vozila. U cilju komercijalne isplativosti i zaštite okoliša prilikom odlaganja primarnih (ne punjivih) baterija kao rješenje nameće se punjiva baterija. Navedeni su i opisani elektrokemijski procesi najrasprostranjenijih vrsta punjivih baterija, te su prikazane i opisane ekvivalentne sheme istih. Opisane su metode odreĊivanja osnovnih parametara baterija. S ciljem zaštite baterije od rada u nesigurnim uvjetima danas su u uporabi sustavi za upravljanje baterijama koji je u radu detaljno opisan kroz sustav za: punjenje baterija, kontrolu stanja napunjenosti, zaštitu od strujnog preopterećenja, zaštitu od termiĉkog preopterećenja, te sustav za ujednaĉavanje napona na serijskom spoju punjivih baterija.Batteries today have a wide range of applications from portable electrical devices to electric hybrid vehicles. For the purpose of commercial profitability and environmental protection when disposing of primary (non rechargeable) batteries, a rechargeable battery is imposed as a solution. The electrochemical processes of the most widespread types of rechargeable batteries are listed and described, and equivalent schemes of the same are presented and described. Methods for determining the basic parameters of batteries are described. In order to protect the battery from operation in unsafe conditions, battery management systems are in use today, which are described in detail through the systems for: battery charging, charge control, protection against current overload, protection against thermal overload, and voltage equalization system