ADHD and depression as comorbidity or secondary condition

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) jedan je od najčešćih neurorazvojnih poremećaja povezanih s dječjom i adolescentskom dobi, prisutan i kod odraslih (Jurin i Sekušak-Galešev, 2008). Karakteristike ADHD-a uključuju simptome hiperaktivnosti, impulzivnosti i nepažnje (Jurin i Sekušak-Galešev, 2008). ADHD se nerijetko pojavljuje uz prisutnost komorbiditetnih poremećaja (Larson i sur., 2010). Među najčešćim komorbiditetima ističe se pojava depresije (Larson i sur., 2010). Smatra se kako prevalencija ADHD-a i depresije kao komorbiditeta iznosi 20-30% (Biederman, Mick i Faraone, 1998). Uslijed učestalog suočavanja s negativnim iskustvima, depresija se može razviti i kao sekundarna teškoća ADHD-a (Posner i sur., 2014). Stručnjaci smatraju kako će se do 70% osoba s ADHD-om u nekom trenutku života suočiti s pojavom depresije (CHADD, 2008). U ovom radu dat je pregled istraživanja o međusobnoj povezanosti i djelovanju ADHD-a i depresije kao komorbiditeta ili sekundarne teškoće kod djece, mladih i odraslih osoba. Istaknuti su izazovi u prepoznavanju i razlikovanju simptoma ADHD-a i depresije kao i mogućnosti terapije.ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders associated with childhood and adolescence, and is also present in adults (Jurin and Sekušak-Galešev, 2008). Characteristics of ADHD include symptoms of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention (Jurin and Sekušak-Galešev, 2008). ADHD often occurs in the presence of comorbid disorders (Larson et al., 2010). Among the most common comorbidities, the occurrence of depression stands out (Larson et al., 2010). The prevalence of ADHD and depression as comorbidities is thought to be 20–30% (Biederman, Mick, & Faraone, 1998). Due to frequent coping with negative experiences, depression can also develop as a secondary condition (Posner et al., 2014). Experts estimate that 70% of people with ADHD will experience depression at some point in their lives (CHADD, 2008). This paper provides an overview of research on the association and impact of ADHD and depression as a comorbidity or secondary condition in children, adolescents, and adults. Challenges in recognizing and differentiating the symptoms of ADHD and depression as well as treatment options were highlighted