Electric motors and their application in the automotive industry

Svrha ovog završnog rada je dati osnovne informacije o električnim motorima koji su važan segment u funkcioniranju raznih postrojenja, industrija, strojeva, uređaja, ali i prikazati primjenu električnih motora na realnom primjeru, odnosno na primjeru automobila. Kako se u današnje vrijeme vodi briga o okolišu sve više raste potreba za vozilima koji u što manjoj mjeri zagađuju okoliš prilikom eksploatacije istih. U tu svrhu razvijaju se električni automobili čije je srce zapravo sam električni motor. U ovom radu poseban osvrt je dan na glavnu podjelu električnih motora, odnosno podjelu na motore istosmjerne struje i motore izmjenične struje te na njihovo upravljanje koje se odnosi na pokretanje elektromotora i podešavanje brzine vrtnje. Također, opisane su osnovne zakonitosti kojih je se važno pridržavati i koje je važno poznavati prilikom rada sa elektromotorima. Pri tome je važno i poznavanje osnovnih fizikalnih procesa, poznavanje elektrotehnike i strojarstva. Na kraju rada predočen je realan primjer primjene elektromotora u automobilima, točnije u novom automobilu „Nevera“. Taj automobil koristi elektromotore sa permanentnim magnetima čiji se magneti koriste za generiranje konstantnog magnetskog toka. Također, prikazane su i opisane određene performanse koje karakteriziraju taj automobil.The purpose of this final work is to provide basic informations about electric motors that are an important segment in the functioning of various plants, industries, machines, devices, but also to show the application of electric motors on a real example, or on the example of cars. As the environment is being taken care of nowadays, the need for vehicles that pollute the environment as little as possible during their operation is growing. To this end, electric cars are being developed whose heart is actually the electric motor itself. In this work, special attention is given to the main division of the electric motors, respectively the division into DC motors and AC motors and their control that is related to starting electric motors and adjusting the speed. Also, the basic laws that are important to follow and that are important to know when working with electric motors are described. Knowledge of basic physical processes, knowledge of electrical engineering and mechanical engineering are also important. At the end of the work, a real example of the application of electric motors in cars is presented, more precisely in the new car "Nevera". That car uses electric motors with permanent magnets whose magnets are used to generate a constant magnetic flux. Also, certain performances that characterize that car are shown and described