ADHD and close relationships

Poremećaj pažnje i hiperaktivnosti je poremećaj koji u velikoj mjeri otežava funkcioniranje osobe u izvršavanju svakodnevnih aktivnosti i obveza. Većina definicija, studija i istraživanja o ADHD-u navode kombinaciju triju osnovnih simptoma: nepažnja, hiperaktivnost i impulzivnost. Dijagnoza se postavlja na temelju kliničke slike prema kriterijima ICD-10 klasifikacije i DSM-V priručnika. Prvi problemi vidljivi kod djeteta uočljivi su dolaskom u školu i integracijom s ostalom djecom i vršnjacima. Svi ti problemi nastavljaju se u adolescentnoj pa zatim u odrasloj dobi. Različiti simptomi vezani uz ADHD isprepliću se i nepravodobnom reakcijom manifestiraju u sve veće poteškoće. Uz sve to, provokativno i/ili neprikladno ponašanje koje je često povezano s ADHD-om, zajedno s nedovoljno razvijenim socijalnim vještinama, dovodi do postepene stigmatizacije osobe. Nadalje, poteškoće s pažnjom mogu dovesti do općega osjećaja neadekvatnosti u školi i, kao posljedica toga, do gubitka samopouzdanja i stvaranja loše slike o sebi, što se očituje i u socijalnom funkcioniranju i integriranju. Kada i dođe do interakcije s okolinom, vrlo često simptomi ADHD-a mogu povećati vjerojatnost nasilnog ponašanja prema drugima, ali i izazvati nasilničko ponašanje vršnjaka prema osobi s ADHD-om. Stoga je vrlo važno obratiti pozornost na različite aspekte vršnjačkih interakcija i vršnjačkog nasilja, a osobito u slučaju djece s poremećajem pažnje i hiperaktivnosti.Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder is a disorder that greatly impairs a person's ability to function in performing daily activities and responsibilities. Most definitions, studies and research on ADHD list a combination of three basic symptoms, namely inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. The diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms according to the criteria of the ICD-10 classification and the DSM-V manual. The first problems visible in a child are noticeable when starting school, during integration with other children and peers. All of these problems continue into adolescence and then into adulthood. The various symptoms associated with ADHD intertwine and, if there is no timely response, manifest in increasing difficulties. In addition, provocative and/or inappropriate behaviour that is often associated with ADHD along with underdeveloped social skills, leads to gradual stigmatization of individuals. In addition, difficulties with attention can lead to a general feeling of inadequacy in school and, as a consequence of that, to a loss of self-confidence and the creation of a bad self-image, which is also manifested in social skills and integration. When interacting with the environment, very often the symptoms of ADHD can increase the likelihood of violent behaviour towards others, but also cause violent behaviour of peers towards a person with ADHD. Therefore, it is very important to pay attention to different aspects of peer interactions and peer violence, especially in cases of children with attention disorder and hyperactivity