Macrophages from the tumor microenvironment

Tumorski mikrookoliš sastoji se od ne-tumorskih stanica koje okružuju tumor. Tumorski mikrookoliš se znatno razlikuje od zdravog tkiva te zbog toga okolne stanice mogu poprimiti drugačiju funkciju nego li bi to imale u normalnim uvjetima. Tumor također lučenjem citokina i direktnom interakcijom sa okolnim stanicama mijenja svoj mikrookoliš. Jedna od najučestalijih stanica u tumorskom mikrookolišu su makrofazi. Makrofazi iz mikrookoliša tumora (TAM) su stanice koje je tumor prilagodio u svrhu svog preživljavanja i razvijanja. TAM lučenjem raznih citokina i eksprimiranjem različitih receptora i liganada pomaže tumoru tako što omogućuje izjegavanje imunološkog sustava, potiče angiogenezu i limfogenezu tumora te i metastaziranje. TAMovi također negativno utječu na postojeće terapije zbog čega se sve intenzivnije traže lijekovi koji bi inhibirali TAMov utjecaj te čiji su osnovni principi opisani u ovom radu. Tumorski mikrookoliš svakog tumora, a time i funkcija TAMa je različita zbog čega se u ovom radu posebnu pažnju pridalo TAMovima u karcinomu dojke i karcinomu pluća.Tumor microenvironment is contained of non-tumor cells which surround the tumor. Tumor microenvironment is significally different from healthy tissue and because of that surrounding cells can have different function than they would have in healthy tissue. Also, with secretion of cytokines or with direct interaction with surrounding cells, tumor can change its microenvironment. One of the most common cells in tumor microenvironment are macrophages. Tumor associated macrophages (TAM) are cells which are modified by tumor in the purpose of its survival and development. With secreting numerous cytokines and with expressing different receptors and ligands TAM helps tumor by allowing the immune response to be avoided, while it promotes angiogenesis and lymhogenesis and metastasis of tumor. TAMs can also negatively affect on the existing therapies which is why drugs that would inhibit TAM effect and whose basic principles are described in this paper are increasingly being searched for. Tumor microenvironment of every tumor and by that the function of TAM is different and because of that special attention was paid in this paper on TAMs in breast and lung tumors