Fodder production for steers and heifers feeding at agricultural farm Birtić from Stari Perkovci

Cilj ovog istraživanja jest prikazati proizvodne resurse, primijenjenu agrotehniku krmnih kultura, korištenje proizvedenih krmiva i proizvodne rezultate u biljnoj i stočarskoj proizvodnji na PG-u Birtić iz Starih Perkovaca, dati kritički osvrt na ustanovljeni sustav proizvodnje i korištenja krmiva te predložiti poboljšanja sustava. Istraživanje je provedeno osobnim izlascima na proizvodne površine, ekonomsko dvorište i staje PG-a, uvidom u poslovne knjige te razgovorom s djelatnicima i vlasnicima. Rasprava prikazanih rezultata istraživanja je provedena na temelju literaturnih spoznaja. Istraživanjem je utvrđeno da poljoprivredno gospodarstvo Birtić iz Starih Perkovaca proizvodi dovoljne količine krmiva za zadovoljavanje potreba hranidbe junadi tijekom čitave godine, a manji dio suviška se preda na otkup. Ostvareni prinosi su iznad nacionalnog prosjeka i rezultat su kvalitetne i primjerene agrotehnike. Proizvodne površine koje se obrađuju dostatne su i dobro iskorištene. Proizvode se voluminozna i koncentrirana krmiva, a sojina sačma se kupuje. Najveći problem predstavljaju slabije plodna i teška tla koja treba redovito i kvalitetno gnojiti kako bi se postigli dobri i zadovoljavajući prinosi, ali uz pravilnu agrotehniku, kako je prikazano, mogu se postići odlični rezultati. Junad se drži u staji i hrani dnevnim obrokom sastavljenim od uskladištenih voluminoznih i koncentriranih krmiva. Ostvareni prirast junadi pokazao je da je hranidba kvalitetna i da junad izvrsno napreduje. Iako napasivanje junadi u uzrastu nudi brojne prednosti, poput niske cijene koštanja konzumiranih krmiva, prihvatljive brzine prirasta i izvanredne kvalitete mesa, koje bi se moglo uklopiti u tzv. grass-fed kategoriju, izgledi za uvođenje napasivanja na istraživanom gospodarstvu su prilično slabi zbog iscjepkanosti poljoprivrednog zemljišta i udaljenosti od ekonomskog dvorišta.The aim of this research is to present production resources, applied agrotechnics of fodder crops, use of produced fodder and production results in plant and livestock production at Agricultural Farm Birtić from Stari Perkovci, give a critical review of the established system of production and use of fodder and suggest system improvements. The research was conducted by personal visits to production areas, economic yard and barns of farm, inspection of business books and conversation with employees and owners. The discussion of the presented research results was conducted on the basis of literature findings. The research revealed that the farm Birtić from Stari Perkovci produces sufficient amounts of fodder to meet the feeding needs of cattle throughout the year, and a small part of the surplus is handed over for sales. The yields are above the national average and are the result of quality and appropriate agricultural techniques. The production areas that are cultivated are sufficient and well used. Forages and concentrated feeds are produced, and soybean meal is purchased. The biggest problem is poorer fertility and heavy soils that need to be fertilized regularly and with quality in order to achieve good and satisfactory yields. But with proper farming techniques, as shown, great results can be achieved. Cattle are kept in the barn and fed a daily meal composed of stored forages and concentrated feeds. The achieved liveweight gain of cattle showed that the feeding is of good quality and that the cattle are progressing excellently. Although grazing offers a number of advantages, such as low cost of feed consumed, acceptable growth rate and excellent quality of meat, which could fit into the so-called. grass-fed category, the prospects for the introduction of grazing on the surveyed farm are rather weak due to the fragmentation of agricultural land and the distance from the economic yard. Key words