Tooth bleaching

Izbjeljivanje je proces tijekom kojega se mijenja pigmentacija zuba. Postoje endogena obojenja zuba i egzogena obojenja zuba. Pri endogenim se obojenjima kromatogen nakuplja u caklini, dok se pri egzogenim kromatogen nakuplja izvan cakline. Najčešći su materijali koji se koriste pri izbjeljivanju: vodikov peroksid, karbamid peroksid i natrijev perborat. Prije samoga je zahvata važno uzeti stomatološku anamnezu, obaviti klinički pregled i dokumentirati fotografijom. Izbjeljivanje je indicirano u slučajevima obojenja zbog unosa različitih pića (vino, kava), zbog posljedica starenja ili trauma. Kontraindicirano je u slučajevima karijesa, gubitka tvrdoga zubnog tkiva ili nesuradljivosti pacijenta. Osnovni se mehanizam djelovanja temelji na međudjelovanju molekula sredstva za izbjeljivanje i molekula mrlja. Vitalni se zubi izbjeljuju tehnikama in-office i athome bleaching. U današnje vrijeme mnogi pacijenti samoinicijativno izbjeljuju zube. Terapija avitalnih zuba uključuje termokatalitičku walking bleach i modificiranu walking bleach metodu. Najčešća je nuspojava tih metoda preosjetljivost zuba. No mogu se mogu pojaviti i oštećenja mekih i tvrdih tkiva. Uzroci su nuspojava uglavnom povišena koncentracija sredstva za izbjeljivanje i visoka temperatura.Teeth whitening is a process that includes a change in tooth pigmentation. There are endogenous tooth stains and exogenous tooth stains. Endogenous staining is characterized by the accumulation of chromatogens within the enamel, while exogenous staining is characterized by the accumulation of chromatogens outside the enamel. The most common teeth whitening agents are hydrogen peroxide, urea peroxide and sodium perborate. Before the procedure, it is necessary to take a dental history, perform a clinical examination and take a photograph of the state of the patient’s teeth. Teeth whitening is indicated in cases of staining due to the intake of various beverages (wine, coffee), the consequences of aging or trauma. It is contraindicated in cases of caries, loss of hard tooth tissue, or non-cooperation of the patient. The basic mechanisms of action are based on the interaction of molecules from the whitening agents and the molecules of the stain. Vital teeth are bleached in-office and with at home bleaching techniques, and nowadays many patients bleach their own teeth without consulting with the dentist. Avital tooth therapy includes thermocatalytic, walking bleach, and a modified walking bleach method. The most common side effect is hypersensitivity. Soft and hard tissue damage can also occur. The causes of side effects are mainly elevated concentrations of the whitening agent or the high temperatures