High voltage direct current transmission system

U ovom radu obrađena je problematika istosmjernog veleprijenosa kao i osnovne komponente takvih sustava (pretvaračke stanice, pretvarački transformatori, vodovi i kabeli, AC i DC filtri, brzi DC prekidači, uzemljivačke elektrode, odvodnici prenapona, upravljanje i zaštita...). Uz to, opisana je kompenzacija jalove snage pomoću novih tehnologija, odnosno pomoću STATCOMa, SVC PLUS-a i hibridnog STATCOM-a. Prikazane su uobičajene konfiguracije i načini povezivanja pretvaračkih stanica. Navedene su i obrađene prednosti kao i nedostaci HVDC sustava te usporedba troškova izmjeničnog i istosmjernog sustava. Osim toga, sagledan je utjecaj HVDC sustava na okoliš i navedena su područja korištenja HVDC sustava. Na kraju rada prikazane su osnovne tehničke karakteristike istosmjernog veleprijenosa između Italije i Crne Gore naziva MONITA.This paper deals with the problem of high voltage direct current transmission as well as the basic components of such systems (converter stations, converter transformers, lines and cables, AC and DC filters, high speed DC switches, earth electrodes, surge arresters, control and protection...). In addition, reactive power compensation is described using new technologies, with STATCOM, SVC PLUS, and hybrid STATCOM. Common configurations and ways to connect converter stations are shown. The advantages as well as disadvantages of the HVDC system and the comparation of the costs of the AC and DC system are shown and processed. In addition, the impact of HVDC system on the environment is considered and the areas of use of HVDC system are listed. At the end of this paper, the basic technical characteristics of HVDC transmission between Italy and Montenegro called MONITA are presented