Celiac disease - case report

Celijakija je bolest probavnog sustava. Uzrok je oboljenja trajna nepodnošljivost proteina glutena, koji se nalazi u pšenici (pšenični prolamin i glutenin), ječmu (hordein), raži (sekalin) i, eventualno, zobi (avenin). Istraživanja su pokazala da oboljeli nisu osjetljivi na ostale žitarice, rižu i kukuruz, budući da one ne sadrže toksične prolaminske frakcije. Iako celijakija predstavlja najčešću kroničnu gastroenterološku bolest, o njoj se premalo govori i premalo zna. Mnogi oboljeli ne znaju da su bolesni, a ako se bolest ne liječi mogu nastati ozbiljni zdravstveni problemi. U procesu postavljanja dijagnoze bitno je da se osoba normalno prehranjuje, odnosno da jede i namirnice koje sadrže gluten jer to utječe na kliničku sliku. Za provođenje dijagnostičkog postupka važno je proći svih pet faza: kliničku sumnju na celijakiju, serološke testove, patohistološku analizu sluznice tankog crijeva, gensku analizu i pozitivan klinički odgovor na bezglutensku prehranu kako bi se sa sigurnošću postavila dijagnoza. Simptomi i znakovi bolesti su raznoliki i zato se kaže da je celijakija bolest s tisuću lica. Danas znamo da postoji više od 200 simptoma i znakova celijakije, a vezani su ne samo uz probavni sustav, već i mnoge druge organe. Jedino učinkovito liječenje celijakije je stroga i doživotna bezglutenska prehrana. Trenutačno nisu dostupne druge pouzdane mogućnosti liječenja. Važno je napomenuti da su mehanizmi potencijalnih budućih terapijskih opcija, odnosno razvoj farmakoterapije u tijeku, i u pripremi je 3. faza istraživanja, što znači da postoji nada za postizanjem imunološke tolerancije što bi praktički značilo izlječenje od celijakije.Celiac disease is a disease of the digestive system. The cause of the disease is the persistent intolerance of the gluten protein, which is found in wheat (wheat prolamine and glutenin), barley (hordein), rye (secalin) and, possibly, oats (avowedine). Studies have shown that sufferers are not sensitive to other cereals, rice and corn, since they do not contain toxic prolamine fractions. Although celiac disease is the most common chronic gastroenterological disease, it is too little talked about and little known. Many sufferers do not know that they are sick, and if the disease is not treated, serious health problems may arise. In the process of making a diagnosis, it is essential that the person is dieted normally, that is, that he also eats foods containing gluten, as this affects the clinical picture. To carry out the diagnostic procedure, it is important to go through all five stages: clinical suspicion of celiac disease, serological tests, pathohistological analysis of the mucous membranes of the small intestine, gene analysis and a positive clinical response to gluten-free nutrition in order to make a diagnosis with certainty. Symptoms and signs of the disease are varied and that is why it is said that celiac disease is a disease with a thousand faces. Today we know that there are more than 200 symptoms and signs of celiac disease, and they are related not only to the digestive system, but also to many other organs. The only effective treatment of celiac disease is a strict and lifelong gluten-free diet. No other reliable treatment options are currently available. It is worth noting that the mechanisms of potential future therapeutic options, that is, the development of pharmacotherapy are ongoing, and the 3rd stage of research is in the works, which means that there is hope to achieve immune tolerance, which would practically mean a cure from celiac disease