Specifics of physical therapy in children with neuromuscular diseases

Neuromišićne bolesti su nasljedne progresivne bolesti koje su uzrokovane problemima na motoneuronima. Očituju se u različitim razdobljima života gdje neke bolesti započinju već po rođenju, neke u ranom djetinjstvu, a neke tek u adolescentskoj ili odrasloj dobi. U neuromišićne bolesti se ubrajaju mnogobrojne bolesti i sindromi, od kojih svaka ima specifične simptome i terapije. U ovom radu su istaknute Duchenneova mišićna distrofija i Charcot-Marie-Toothova bolest. Duchenneovu mišićnu distrofiju karakterizira proksimalna mišićna slabost i pseudohipertrofija potkoljenica, te pozitivan Gowersov znak, izražena lordoza i gegajući hod. Simptomi ove bolesti u konačnici vode do nepokretnosti. Charcot-Marie-Toothova bolest je opisana kao sindrom koji zahvaća distalne mišiće uz razvoj mišićne slabosti i atrofije, te se dijeli na više vrsta s različitim načinom nasljeđivanja i simptomima. U radu su također prikazana i istraživanja o načinima fizikalne terapije za ove dvije bolesti koja su pokazala učinkovitost treninga respiratornih mišića kod Duchenneove mišićne distrofije, te trening s kontinuiranim povećanjem otpora kod Charcot-Marie-Toothove bolesti. Unatoč prikazanim istraživanjima, od iznimne bitnosti su buduća istraživanja o ovim bolestima.Neuromuscular diseases are inherited progressive diseases caused by problems on motoneurons. They manifest at different periods of life where some diseases begin as early as birth, some in early childhood, and some only in adolescence or adulthood. Neuromuscular diseases include numerous diseases and syndromes, each of which has specific symptoms and therapies. Duchenne muscular dystrophy and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease are highlighted in this paper. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is characterized by proximal muscle weakness and pseudohypertrophy of the lower legs, as well as a positive Gowers sign, pronounced lordosis and limping gait. The symptoms of this disease ultimately lead to immobility. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease has been described as a syndrome that affects the distal muscles with the development of muscle weakness and atrophy, and is divided into several types with different mode of inheritance and characteristics. The paper also presents research on physical therapy methods for these two diseases, which showed the effectiveness of respiratory muscle training in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and training with a continuous increase in resistance in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Despite the research presented, future research on these diseases is extremely important