Rock excavation with hydraulic breakers : master's thesis

Hidraulični čekići se intenzivno koriste od 60-tih godina prošlog stoljeća. Kao alat su našli primjenu u graditeljstvu i u rudarstvu. Između ostaloga u rudarstvu se koriste za iskop stijena, odnosno za iskop tunela i za iskop mineralne sirovine na površinskim kopovima. U oba slučaja je bitan pravilan izbor čekića koji se vrši preko jednadžbi dobivenih raznim istraživanjima. Kao što mora biti pravilno odabran tako mora biti i pravilno usklađen s bagerom. Odabir metode iskopa tunela je proces koji uključuje puno kriterija. Iskop tunela hidrauličnim čekićem se odabire kada postoje određeni geološki, vremenski, investicijski zahtjevi. Isto tako je potrebno i odabrati način iskopa pomoću hidrauličnog čekića. Postoji više načina odnosno metoda iskopa. Primjeri koje imamo nam ukazuju na neke probleme, a i pokušavaju riješiti neke probleme koji su se dogodili tijekom iskopa. Iskop u površinskom kopu hidrauličnim čekićem je metoda koja je dobila zapaženu primjenu zbog sve više ekspandirajućih gradova i naseljenih mjesta. Navedena metoda se ponudila kao rješenje za probleme buke, prašine i vibracija u kamenolomima koji se nalaze blizu upravo takvih mjesta. Iako je metoda iskopa mineralne sirovine hidrauličnim čekićima ekološki prihvatljiva i ona ima svoje mane.Hydraulic breakers are used extensively since 1960s. As a tool, they have found application in civil and mining engineering. Among other things, in mining they are used as primary tool in excavation of tunnels and for excavation of mineral raw materials in open pit mines. In both cases correct choice of the breaker is important which is done through equations obtained by various researches. Just as it must be properly selected it needs to be compatible with the excavator. Choosing a tunnel excavation method is a process that involves a lot of different criteria. Excavation of the tunnel with a hydraulic hammer is selected when there are certain geological, timing and investment requirements. It is also necessary to choose method of excavation using a hydraulic breaker. There are several ways or methods of excavation. The examples we have, point out some problems and also try to solve some of those problems that occurred during the excavation. Excavation in a surface mine with a hydraulic breaker is a method that has gained notable traction due to the increasing number of expanding cities and settlements. This method has been offered as a solution to the problem of noise, dust and vibrations in quarries located near such places. Although the method of excavating mineral raw materials with hydraulic breakers is environmentally friendly it also has its drawbacks