Physical therapy in children with traumatic brain injury

Uvod: Traumatska ozljeda mozga jedan je od najčešćih uzroka smrti i invalidnosti djece. Često rezultira nizom kognitivnih, motoričkih i socijalnih disfunkcija, koje se mogu očitovati odmah nakon ozljede ili tijekom razvoja djeteta. Uzroci su nastanka TOM-a padovi, prometne nesreće, nasilje, sportske ozljede i slično. TOM može biti blagog, umjerenog ili teškog oblika. Postupci: Pretraženi su i interpretirani brojni izvori, knjige, istraživanja, članci iz medicinskih časopisa koji su u doticaju s temom fizioterapija djece s traumatskom ozljedom mozga. Prikaz teme: Fizioterapija djece s TOM-om uključuje akutnu i postakutnu rehabilitaciju, čiji su ciljevi smanjenje motoričkih, kognitivnih i socijalnih oštećenja i povratak u školu, odnosno reintegracija u zajednicu. Za uspješnu rehabilitaciju djece koja pate od posljedica traumatske ozljede mozga, potreban je interdisciplinaran pristup u kojem fizioterapeut ima važnu ulogu. Na početku rehabilitacije, fizioterapeut procjenjuje težinu ozljede, uzima anamnezu, provodi testove i na temelju toga koordinira plan terapije. Terapija može uključivati fizioterapijske intervencije poput medicinske gimnastike, hidroterapije, elektroterapije, a ovisno o ekonomskim mogućnostima roditelja i njihovom pristanku, dio terapije može biti terapijsko jahanje i neurorehabilitacija robotima. Također, uloga je fizioterapeuta educirati roditelje o zdravstvenom stanju i potrebama djeteta. Zaključak: Uspješnost rehabilitacije djece s TOM-om ovisi o brojnim čimbenicima kao što su vrijeme početka rehabilitacije, kontinuitet i redovitost terapije, znanje, iskustvo i rad zdravstvenog tima, motivacija pacijenta, edukacija roditelja i međusobna suradnja. Zbog dugoročnih posljedica koje izaziva TOM, i javnozdravstvenog značaja, potrebno je naglasiti značaj preventivnih mjera.Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of death and disability in children. It often results in a range of cognitive, motor, and social dysfunctions, which can manifest immediately after injury or during child development. The causes of TBI are falls, traffic accidents, violence, sports injuries. TBI can be mild, moderate, or severe. Procedure: Numerous sources, books, research, articles from medical journals that relate to the topic of physiotherapy in children with traumatic brain injury have been researched and interpreted. Overview: Physiotherapy in children with TBI includes acute and post-acute rehabilitation, whose goals are the reduction of motor, cognitive and social impairments, returning to school and reintegration into the society. Successful rehabilitation for children who are suffering from the consequences of traumatic brain injury requires an interdisciplinary approach in which the physiotherapist plays an important role. At the beginning of rehabilitation, the physiotherapist assesses the severity of the injury, takes medical history, conducts tests, and based on that, coordinates the treatment plan. Therapy may include interventions such as medical gymnastics, hydrotherapy, electrotherapy, and depending on the economic capabilities of the parents and their consent, part of the therapy may be therapeutic riding and neurorehabilitation assisted by robots. Also, the role of the physiotherapist is to educate parents about the health and needs of the injured child. Conclusion: The success of rehabilitation of children with TBI depends on many factors such as the time of onset rehabilitation, continuity and regularity of therapy, knowledge, experience and work of the healthcare team, patient motivation, parental education, and cooperation. Due to the long-term consequences caused by traumatic brain injury, and the public health significance, it is necessary to emphasize the importance of preventive measures