Evaluation of Anti Ulcer Activity of Calycopteris Floribunda Lam Leaf Extract in Wistar Rat

The plant Calycopteris floribunda Lam is widely distributed in Bangladesh and India. The antiulcer effect of Calycopteris floribunda Lam leaf have been never studied. Hence the objective of the study is determining this effect from the Calycopteris floribunda Lam leaf extract. The preliminary phytochemical screening of leaf extracts indicate in presence of flavonoid, alkaloid, tannins, and glycosides may accounts anti-ulcer potential. The antiulcer effect is screened in leaf extract of Calycopteris floribunda Lam on cold water immersion, ethanol and immobilization induced dose dependent ulcer study. The results get from these study have been shown that leaf extract of Calycopteris floribunda Lam produce antiulcer effect in cold water immersion, ethanol and immobilization induced ulcer models. In cold water immersion, ethanol and immobilization induced model, there is reduction in ulcer index, total acidity, total volume of gastric contents, total protein concentration and higher concentration of glutathione content and pH of gastric secretion they compared with control treated group. Pantoprazole used as a standard comparison agents. Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitors blocker, is significantly reduce about 90% of basal, food induced and hormonal mediated gastric acid, which again induced by gastrin, and parasympathomimetic drugs. In cold water immersion method and immobilization, stress ulcer is induced. Continuous exposure to the stress cause depletion of protective neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline (NE), dopamine (DA), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which exert a protective effect on the gastric mucosa through an inhibitory control on acid secretion and motility. Due to the depletion of protective neuropeptides, the activation of the parasympathetic system characterized by ulcerogenic release factors such as acetylcholine and thyrotropic releasing hormone (TRH) and, as consequence, we assist to an increase in gastric motility and acid secretion. The treatment of leaf extract showed reduce the total acidity of the gastric contents. On ethanol administration, the mucosal mast cells mediate to secretion of vasoactive mediators containing histamine. Histamine is mediated to stimulate the synthesis of cyclic AMP through activation of the enzyme adenyl cyclase which mediate the activation of gastric proton pump and secrete of hydrogen ions. The treatment of leaf extract showed reduce the total acidity of the gastric contents. Serum protein including albumin and globulin. In the peptic ulcer the total protein concentration of serum or gastric secretion are increased. This may be due to leakage of plasma protein in to the gastric secretion or serum with lower mucosal resistance/barrier of the gastric mucosal layer 107. After treatment with C. floribunda extract there was a significant reduction in protein concentration of gastric juice which enhancing leakage of plasma proteins. Acid volume is amount (in ml) of acid release in the gastric content release contain HCl, pepsinogen enzyme, mucus secretion, bicarbonates concentration, intrinsic factor and proteins. Amount of acid release is an important factor responsible for the production of ulcer mediated by exposure of the unprotected lumen of stomach by concentrated acids. C. floribunda extract treatment showed decrease in the acid volume of the gastric secretion. Increased pH shows a lower concentration of the hydrogen ion. The hydrogen ion is a major triggering factor responsible for the etiologic factor for ulcer and gastric damage. C. floribunda extract treatment indicate higher concentration of pH of the gastric juices. This values directly shown the C. floribunda extract reduce possibility of ulcer and has a protective effect of surface of the gastric mucosa. SGOT(AST) and SGPT(ALT) are liver enzyme, this levels are increased which indicates injury caused to stomach tissue ,cell membrane gets damaged ,these enzymes leak into blood stream causing damage to the gastric mucosa in the ulcer induced model whereas it showed in SGOT(AST) and SGPT(ALT) levels are decreased in C. floribunda extract treated groups. In gastric ulcer tissues, Glutathione (g-glutamyl cysteinyl glycine, GSH) levels were found to be decreased. Ethanol-induced genesis of free radical concentration reduces the cysteine concentration which mediated for GSH released. Values from this study responsible for depletion of gastric GSH is related with induction of gastric lesion in the rats. GSH is a tripeptide and having a superoxide radical scavenger and it protect thiol protein contents essential for release the integrity of tissue against oxidation reaction. In my present study, Calycopteris floribunda Lam treatment showed increase in the glutathione content. Pre-treatment with C. floribunda extract treatment reduce the ulcer index value, total acidity concentration, total volume of acid release and total protein and increase value pH and glutathione content when compared with control groups. In conclusion, the present study provided preliminary data for the Calycopteris floribunda Lam. possess significant antiulcer activity in animal models. It has a gastric antisecretory and acid neutralizing effect that are comparable to standard drug Pantaprazole. The antiulcer activity is probably due to the presence of bioactive compounds like Flavonoids, Tannins. These compounds protect and strengthen the mucosal barrier which may be responsible for the antiulcer activity