Rehabilitation of patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Reumatoidni artritis je teška, kronična upalna reumatska bolest koja u većini slučajeva zahvaća žene.Najčešće se pojavljuje kod osoba starijih od 25 godina. Starenjem se bolest projicira u sve težem obliku. Kod pacijenata oboljelih od reumatoidnog artritisa bolest započinje čestim upalama te oticanjem zglobova. Zglobovi zahvaćenim reumatoidnim artritisom su vrlo bolni kada je bolest u fazi egzarcebacije. Pacijenti postupno gube pokretljivost u zglobovima te s time i njihovu funkciju. Proces ove bolesti započinje u sinovijalnoj membrani koja okružuje zglobna tijela tvoreći zaštitnu vrećicu. Ona je ispunjena sinovijalnom tekućinom kojoj je uloga zaštita zgloba od trenja te opskrba hrskavice hranjivim tvarima i kisikom. Reumatoidni artritis uzrokuje stalni upalni proces koji uništava kolagen te se time prostor u zglobu smanjuje i same kosti se razaraju. Točni uzroci ove bolesti nisu poznati. Reumatoidni artritis se pojavljuje paralelno na oba zgloba npr, neće se očitovati samo na jednoj šaci nego na obje istovremeno. Kod pacijenata oboljelih od reumatoidnog artritisa većinom su zahvaćeni svi zglobovi ali najčešće se bolest najprije manifestira na šakama, koljenima te stopalima. Rehabilitacija reumatoidnog artritisa obuhvaća konzervativne i operativne metode liječenja. Od konzervativnih metoda liječenja najvažnija je fiziotererapija. Proces fizioterapije sastoji se od procjene fizioterapeuta, plana fizioterapije, fizioterapijske intervencije, ponovne procjene te završava otpustom sa zaključkom fizioterapeuta. Fizioterapijska intervencija obuhvaća postupke fizikalne terapije i kineziterapije. U fizikalnoj terapiji primjenjuju se različiti fizikalni agensi. Najučinkovitija je kineziterapija koja obuhvaća različite vrste vježbi te primjenu pomagala.Rheumatoid arthritis is a severe, chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease that affects women in most cases and men in fewer cases. It most often occurs in people older than 25 years. With aging, the disease is projected in an increasingly severe form. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the disease begins with frequent inflammation of the joints and swelling of the joint tissues. Joints affected by rheumatoid arthritis are very painful when the disease is in the exacerbation phase. Patients gradually lose mobility in the joints and thus their function. The process of this disease begins in the synovial membrane that surrounds the articular bodies forming a protective sac. It is filled with synovial fluid whose role is to protect the joint from friction and supplying cartilage with nutrients and oxygen. Rheumatoid arthritis causes a constant inflammatory process that destroys collagen and thus reduces the space in the joint and the bones themselves are destroyed. The exact causes of this disease are not known. Rheumatoid arthritis occurs in parallel on both joints, for example, it will not be manifested on only one hand but on both at the same time. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, most of the joints are affected, but most often the disease first manifests itself on the hands, knees and feet. Rehabilitation of rheumatoid arthritis includes conservative and operative methods of treatment. Of the conservative methods of treatment, physiotherapy is the most important. The physiotherapy process consists of a physiotherapists assessment, physiotherapy intervention, reassessment, and ends with discharge and the physiotherapists conclusion. Physiotherapy intervention includes physical therapy and kinesitherapy procedures. Various physical agents are used in physical therapy. The most effective is kinesitherapy, which includes various types of exercises and the use of aids