Acute intoxication in children

Akutna trovanja su glavni javnozdravstveni problem u svijetu.Akutna trovanja u dječjoj dobi dijelimo u dvije kategorije: namjerna i nenamjerna trovanja, od kojih svaka kategorija ima svoja specifična obilježja. Ishodi provedenih praćenja akutnih trovanja potvrđuju da se 90% svih trovanja najčešće događa u domu, a nenamjerna trovanja najčešće suotrovanja lijekovima te se događaju kod djece između 3. i 5. godine života. Nažalost, u Hrvatskoj ne postoji registar trovanja. Procjena se također temelji premabroju hospitalizirane djecete obuhvaća 2–5% hospitalizirane djece, a u nekim bolnicamačak i više (do 10%). Akutna trovanja ovisno o aspektu, potrebnoj intervenciji i načinu zbrinjavanja, svrstavajuse u hitna stanja. Kod manjeg broja pedijatrijskih bolesnika koji se liječe zbog akutnih trovanja je potrebno liječenje antidotima te intenzivnazdravstvena skrb. Potrebno je osnovno poznavanje postupkaprilikom zbrinjavanja bolesnika s akutnim trovanjem, a od iznimne je važnosti provođenje metoda prevencije koje su nedovoljne. Nedostatak nacionalnog registra trovanja dodatno otežava nadzor i planiranje preventivnih metoda mjera. Cilj ovog rada je prikazati koji su to čimbenici koja utječu na nastanak akutnih trovanja, s kojim se vrstama otrova najčešće susrećemo u praksi, kako prepoznati dijete s akutnim trovanjem, koje se dijagnostičke pretrage provode, način liječenje te intervencije medicinske sestre.Acute poisoning is the main public health problem in the world. Acute poisoning in childhood is divided into two categories: intentional and unintentional poisoning, each of which has its own specific characteristics. The results of the monitoring of acute poisonings confirm that 90% of all poisonings most often occur in the home, and unintentional poisonings are most often drug poisonings and occur in children between 3 and 5 years of age. Unfortunately, there is no poisoning register in Croatia. The estimate is also based on the number of hospitalizations of children and includes 2–5% of hospitalized children, and in some hospitals even more (up to 10%). Acute poisonings, depending on the aspect, the required intervention and the method of care, are classified as emergencies. A small number of pediatric patients treated for acute poisoning require antidote treatment and intensive care. Basic knowledge of the procedure for the care of patients with acute poisoning is required, and it is extremely important to implement prevention methods that are insufficient. The lack of a national poison registry further complicates the monitoring and planning of preventive methods of measures. The aim of this paper is to show what are the factors influencing the occurrence of acute poisoning, what types of poisons are most common in practice, how to identify a child with acute poisoning, which diagnostic tests are performed, treatment and nurse intervention