Epidemiological analysis of central nervous system tumors

Središnji živčani sustav (SŽS) čovjeka sastoji se od mozga i leđne moždine. Središnji živčani sustav sam po sebi je nedovoljno istraženo područje i od velikog je interesa za znanstvenike. Tumori koji se pojavljuju u SŽS - u mogu biti primarni i sekundarni koji su češći. Tumori mozgovnih ovojnica su drugi po učestalosti. Primarni zloćudni tumori središnjeg živčanog sustava obuhvaćaju oko 10 % svih primarnih zloćudnih tumora u čovjeka, a u dječjoj dobi čine oko 18 % svih zloćudnih bolesti. U dobi do 15. godine života drugi su po redu kao uzrok smrtnosti od zloćudnih bolesti, a u dobi od 15. do 34. godine života po smrtnosti su na trećem mjestu. Jedna od karakteristika primarnih tumora SŽS - a je što najčešće nesmetano infiltriraju ili prožimaju okolno moždano tkivo bez stvaranja kapsule. Specifični su i po tome što ne metastaziraju. Razvojem i sve većom dostupnošću neuroradiološke dijagnostike (CT i MRI) mozga danas se sve češće i ranije otkrivaju patološki procesi SŽS - a. Još jedna vrlo važna karika u dijagnosticiranju tumora SŽS - a je i biopsija kojom se uzima komadić tkiva. On se šalje na patohistološku analizu - zlatni standard otkrivanja histološkog tipa tumora. Jednom kada se putem patohistološke analize utvrdi konačna dijagnoza počinje se sa liječenjem koje uključuje operativni zahvat, radioterapiju i kemoterapiju. Medicinska sestra kao član interdisciplinarnog tima provodi i planira postupke iz područja zdravstvene njege. Također ima vrlo važnu ulogu u pružanju psihološke potpore pacijentu i njegovoj obitelji. Ona također mora voditi računa o mogućoj pojavi simptoma u prijeoperacijskoj, intraoperacijskoj i postoperacijskoj fazi koji bi ukazivali na pogoršanje i moguće komplikacije postojećeg stanja. Svaki pacijent je individua i stoga mu treba pristupiti na holistički pristup.The central nervous system (CNS) of human consists of the brain and the spinal cord. The central nervous system is in itself an underexplored area and is of great interest to scientists. Tumors that occur in the CNS may be primary and secondary, which are more common. Brain - coating tumors are second in frequency. Primary malignancies of the central nervous system cover up to 10 % of all primary malignancies in humans, and 18% of all malignancies at that age in children. At the age of 15, they were second in order to cause mortality from malignancies, while at the age of 15 to 34 they were third in terms of mortality. One of the characteristics of primary CNS tumors is that they most often infiltrate or permeate the surrounding brain tissue without creating a capsule. They are also specific because they do not metastasize. The development and increasing availability of neuroradiological diagnostics (CT and MRI) of the brain reveal intracranial pathological processes more and more often today. Another very important link in diagnosing CNS tumors is a biopsy that takes a piece of tissue. It is sent for pathological analysis - a golden standard for the detection of histological tumor types. Once a final diagnosis has been established through pathohistological analysis, treatment including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy shall be initiated. As a member of the interdisciplinary team, the nurse conducts and plans health care procedures. It also plays a very important role in providing psychological support to the patient and his family. It should also take into account the possible occurrence of symptoms in the pre - operative, surgical and post - operative phase indicating worsening and complications of the underlying condition. Each patient is an individual and should therefore be approached on a holistic approach