Adaptive architecture for controlling uncertain systems with unmodeled dynamics

Various examples are provided related to adaptive architectures for controlling uncertain system with unmodeled dynamics. A closed-loop dynamical system subject to an adaptive controller can remain stable if there does not exist significant unmodeled dynamics or the effect of system uncertainties is negligible. In one example, a system includes a controller that can receive one or more input signals including control signals, sensor data associated with operation of the aircraft or aviation system, or a combination thereof; generate an system control signal utilizing a model reference adaptive control architecture comprising an adaptive robustifying term that maintains system stability within defined bounds; and provide the system control signal to an actuator or other system components to adjust operation of, e.g., an aircraft or aviation system