OCCLUSAL TRAINING AND ITS APPLICATION IN SOCCER

Primarni cilj ovoga rada je definirati okluzijski trening, nabrojati njegove karakteristike te opisati kako ga sigurno koristiti te provjeriti njegovu primjenu u različitim područjima. Okluzijski trening je način treniranja u kojem se elastičnom vrpcom ili nekom drugom vrstom podveze koja ima mogućnost napuhivanja tlaka ograniči protok krvi kroz ekstremitet. Točnije, ograniči se arterijski protok, dok se venski protok u potpunosti zaustavi. Najčešći tlak koji se koristi u vrpcama iznosi 140-180 mmHg. Iako se može primjenjivati samostalno, okluzijski trening najčešće dolazi u raznim kombinacijama s ostalim treninzima. To su na primjer, okluzijski trening uz trening snage s niskim opterećenjima, intervalni visoko intenzivni treninzi uz ograničavanje protoka krvi, intervalni treninzi umjerenog intenziteta uz ograničavanje protoka krvi i slično. Glavna karakteristika okluzijskog treninga je da se uz treninge nižih intenziteta mogu postići rezultati neznatnih razlika u odnosu na treninge puno većih intenziteta. To je posebno zanimljivo i pogodno u rehabilitaciji gdje pacijenti često neće moći izvoditi vježbe s optimalnim opterećenjima radi svoje ozljede, no tada je vrlo koristan okluzijski trening koji će uz niske intenzitete polučiti rezultate izazvane optimalnim opterećenjem. Osim u rehabilitaciji okluzijski trening ima svoju ulogu i kod zdravih, treniranih sportaša te i njima može poslužiti u poboljšanju njihovih motoričkih i funkcionalnih sposobnosti.The primary goal of this paper is to define occlusal training, list its characteristic and describe how to use it safely and check its application in different areas. Occlusal training is a method of training in which the blood flow through the extremity is restricted by elastic band or some other type of tourniquet that has the ability to inflate pressure. Specifically, arterial blood flow is restricted, while venous flow is completely stopped. The most common pressure used in cuffs is 140-180 mmHg. Although it can be applied on its own, occlusal training most often comes in various combinations with other trainings. These are, for example, occlusal training with strength training with low loads, interval high intensity training with blood flow restriction, interval training of moderate intensity with blood flow restriction and similar to that. The main characteristic of occlusal training is that with training of lower intensities, the result of insignificant differences can be achieved in relation of trainings with much higher intensities. This is especially interesting and convenient in rehabilitation where patients will often not be able to perform exercises with optimal loads due to their injury, but then is very useful occlusal training which will produce results caused by optimal load at low intensities. Apart from rehabilitation, blood flow restriction training also has a role to play in healthy, well-trained athletes and can also be used to improve their motor and functional abilities