State and law in ancient times

Predmet ovog završnoga rada kao što naslov upućuje je država i pravo staroga vijeka. Naše putovanje započinjemo definiranjem staroga vijeka i njegovom podjelom na istok i zapad. Na istoku pronalazimo drevnu Mezopotamiju, kolijevku civilizacije. Zahvaljući Eufratu i Tigrisu to plodno područje je privuklo mnoga plemena, a oni su s vremenom shvatili da ukoliko žele zadržati to plodno područje moraju se udružiti i eventualno ratovati. Babilon je fokus našeg proučavanja starog istoka. Babilon je privukao našu pažnju zbog svoje, na tom prostoru, jedinstvene društvene strukture koja je kroz stoljeća izmjenjivala i evoluirala, ali također i zbog prvih značajnih zapisanih zakonika koji nam dopuštaju da analiziramo tadašnje pravo i eventualno pokušamo ga podijeliti na današnje moderne grane prava. Nasuprot Mezopotamije i Babilona imamo stare Helene na zapadu. Zbog za razvitak nepovoljnijeg geografskog područja, prve države su se kasnije javile na zapadu. Atena je država zapada koja je privukla našu pozornost zbog njene bogate kulture, moderne demokracije, državnih tijela i zakona koji su čak i kasnijim državama koristili kao svojevrstan temelj. Obrađivanjem Babilona koji je predstavljao istok, a zatim i Atene koja je predstavljala zapad, metodom komparacije dolazimo do zaključka da iako postoji vremenski razmak između nastanka Atene i Babilona, kao i značajne razlike u kulturi, njihova društvena struktura i zakoni su slični. Što nam ukazuje na to da neovisno gdje i kada je neka država nastala određeni zahtjevi društva i metode normiranja su iste.The subject of this final paper, as the title suggests, is the state and the law of ancient times. We begin our journey by defining the ancient world and dividing it into east and west. In the east we find ancient Mesopotamia, the cradle of civilization. Thanks to the Euphrates and the Tigris, this fertile area attracted many tribes, and they eventually realized that if they wanted to keep this fertile area, they had to unite and eventually go to war. Babylon is the focus of our study of the ancient East. Babylon attracted our attention because of its unique, for that time, social structure, which changed and evolved over the centuries, but also because of the first significant written codes that allow us to analyze the law of that time and possibly try to divide it into today's modern branches of law. Opposite Mesopotamia and Babylon we have the ancient Helens in the west. Due to the less favorable geographical area, the first states later appeared in the west. Athens is a state of the west that attracted our attention because of its rich culture, modern democracy, state bodies and laws that were used even by later states as a fundation. By analyzing Babylon, which represented the East, and then Athens, which represented the West, we come to the conclusion, by the method of comparison, that although there is a time gap between the origin of Athens and Babylon, as well as significant cultural differences, their social structure and laws are similar. Which indicates to us that regardless of where and when a state originated, certain requirements of society and methods of standardization are the same