Global offshore oil and gas production : master's thesis

Rast potražnje za naftom i plinom u konstantnom je porastu desetljećima unatrag. Potrebno je konstantno istraživanje i otkrića novih rezervi ugljikovodika kako bi se zadovoljila potražnja. Rezerve ugljikovodika iz odobalja zauzimaju oko trećinu ukupnih količina. Svjetska opskrba bazira se u velikoj mjeri iz velikih polja koja se rijetko pronalaze na kopnu, a i u plitkom odobalju. Duboko odobalje relativno je neistraženo, velika otkrića većinom se pronalaze na velikim dubinama mora. Najčešće se akumulacije ugljikovodika mogu pronaći u bazenima, depresijama u zemljinoj kori uzrokovanim tektonskom aktivnošću ploča i slijeganjem, u kojima se akumuliraju sedimenti. Globalno su bazeni, s naglaskom na dubokomorske, raspoređeni u pet regija: Atlantski prsten, rubna mora istočne Afrike, zapadni Pacifik, Neotetis i Arktički krug. Prve tri regije se orijentacijom pružaju u smjeru sjever-jug, dok su ostale dvije u smjeru istok-zapad. U ovom radu se analiziraju regije izrazite odobalne aktivnosti, kako povijesne, tako trenutne i buduće uz naglasak na razvoj najvećih polja. Sveobuhvatnim prikazom svjetskog odobalnog sektora želi se prikazati veličina naftne odobalne industrije, njezin utjecaj na države, njezin razvoj i potencijal za buduću opskrbu.The growth in demand for oil and gas has been steadily rising for decades. Constant exploration and discovery of new hydrocarbon reserves is needed to meet the demand. Offshore hydrocarbon reserves account for about one third of the total reserves. The world supply is based largely on large fields that are rarely found on land, and also in shallow offshore. The deepwater is relatively unexplored, great discoveries are mostly made at great sea depths. Hydrocarbon accumulations can most often be found in basins, depressions in the Earth's crust caused by the activity of plate tectonics, and subsidence, in where sediments accumulate. Globally, the basins, with an emphasis on deepwater basins, are distributed in five regions: the Atlantic Ring, the marginal seas of East Africa, the western Pacific, Neotethys, and the Arctic Circle. The first three regions are oriented in a north-south direction, while the other two are in an east-west direction. This thesis analyzes regions with pronounced offshore activities, both historical, current and future, with an emphasis on the development of the largest fields. A comprehensive overview of the global offshore sector aims to show the size of the offshore oil industry, its impact on countries, its development and potential for future supply