Application of bioremediation technology in contaminated soil remediation

Industrijalizacija, urbanizacija te porast globalnog stanovništva uzrokuju golem pritisak na okoliš. Posljednjih godina javlja se sve veća svijest o posljedicama iskorištavanja okoliša i prirodnih resursa. Bioremedijacija je biotehnološka metoda sanacije tla upotrebom mikroorganizama i mikrobioloških procesa kako bi se štetnoj tvari smanjila koncentracija ili je se prevelo u neškodljive produkte CO2, H2O i biomasu. Uspješnost bioremedijacije ovisi o brojnim čimbenicima poput mikroorganizama, temperature, pH, organske tvari tla, hranjivih tvari itd. Korištenjem in situ i ex situ tehnika bioremedijacije mogu se učinkovito ukloniti organski i anorganski kontaminanti kao što su nafta, teški metali, pesticidi i dr. Kako bi se povećao potencijal mikroorganizama u sanaciji onečišćenog tla, intenzivno se istražuju moderne tehnologije kao što je gensko inženjerstvo te nanotehnologija.Industrialization, urbanization and global population growth are putting enormous pressure on the environment. In recent years, there has been a growing awareness of the consequences of exploiting the environment and natural resources. Bioremediation is a biotechnological method of soil remediation using microorganisms and microbiological processes to reduce the concentration of harmful substances or to translate them into harmless products CO2, H2O and biomass. The success of bioremediation depends on a number of factors such as microorganisms, temperature, pH, soil organic matter, nutrients, etc. Using in situ and ex situ bioremediation techniques can effectively remove organic and inorganic contaminants such as crude oil, heavy metals, pesticides, etc. In order to increase the potential of microorganisms in the remediation of contaminated soil, modern technologies such as genetic engineering and nanotechnology are being intensively researched