Use of creative activities in occupational therapy

Uvod: Ustvarjalne aktivnosti se v delovni terapiji pogosto uporabljajo. Osebam omogočajo ohranjanje in izboljševanje že naučenih spretnosti, učenje novih spretnosti, izboljšujejo počutje in krepijo samozavest, spodbujajo komunikacijo in predstavljajo medij, prek katerega se osebe izražajo. Uporabljajo se na različnih področjih in z različnimi nameni. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil ugotoviti, katere ustvarjalne aktivnosti se uporabljajo v delovni terapiji, na katerih področjih in s kakšnimi nameni. Metode dela: Izvedli smo pregled literature, ki smo jo iskali prek naslednjih bibliografskih baz: DiKul, digitalna knjižnica Slovenije (Dlib), UKM, MEDLINE, OTseeker, EBSCOhost, PubMed in Google Učenjak. V končno analizo je bilo vključenih 18 virov. Rezultati: Rezultate analize literature smo na osnovi sinteze razdelili na štiri vrste ustvarjalnih aktivnosti, ki se uporabljajo na različnih področjih in z različnim namenom. Glasbene aktivnosti se uporabljajo na področjih motenj v duševnem zdravju, nevrologije, fizične oviranosti, pediatrije, geriatrije in v skupnostih z namenom učenja novih spretnosti, krepitve komunikacijskih spretnosti in samozavesti, izboljšanja pozornosti, sprostitve, opolnomočenja in izboljševanja okupacijske izvedbe. Plesne aktivnosti se uporabljajo na področjih motenj v duševnem zdravju, nevrologije, fizične oviranosti in geriatrije z namenom izboljšanja kognitivnih sposobnosti, samozavesti ter kakovosti življenja in zmanjševanja motoričnih simptomov Parkinsonove bolezni. Gledališke aktivnosti se uporabljajo na področjih geriatrije, pediatrije in pri marginalnih skupinah z namenom izboljšanja fizične zmogljivosti, samozavesti, kakovosti življenja in spretnosti reševanja problemov, omogočanja izražanja, spodbujanja samozagovorništva, opolnomočenja in pridobivanja novih znanj. Aktivnosti s področja ročnih del pa se uporabljajo na področjih motenj v duševnem zdravju, geriatrije, pediatrije in zaposlitvene rehabilitacije z namenom učenja in ohranjanja spretnosti, krepitve kognitivnih sposobnosti in spretnosti reševanja problemov, spodbujanja rutine, povišanja stopnje socializacije, sprostitve, spodbujanja ustvarjalnosti, doživljanja stanja flow in blagostanja. Razprava in zaključek: Ustvarjalne aktivnosti imajo širok spekter uporabnosti in so zato v sklopu delovne terapije primerne za uporabo na različnih področjih. Najpogosteje so uporabljene z namenom povišanja stopnje socializacije, krepitve samozavesti, ohranjanja že naučenih in učenja novih spretnosti, vplivanja na počutje oseb ter omogočanja priložnosti za izražanje. Uporaba ustvarjalnih aktivnosti v delovnoterapevtskih obravnavah je primerna za različne populacije, in sicer ob upoštevanju zastavljenih ciljev, želja in zmožnosti osebe ter z ustreznimi prilagoditvami, če so potrebne.Introduction: Creative activities are often used in occupational therapy. They enable preserving and improving already acquired skills, learning new skills, improving mood and strenghtening self-esteem, promoting communication and represent a medium, through which persons can express themselves. They are being used in different fields with different intentions. Purpose: Purpose of this diploma work was to find out, which creative activities are being used in occupational therapy, on which fields and with which intentions. Methods: We performed a literature review which was searched for on following bibliographical databases: DiKul, digital library of Slovenia (Dlib), UKM, MEDLINE, OTseeker, EBSCOhost, PubMed and Google Scholar. 18 sources were included in the final analysis. Results: Based on literature review synthesis the results were divided into four categories of creative activities, which are being used in different fields with different intention. Musical activities are being used in mental health field, neurology, physical disability, pediatrics, geriatrics and in communities, with intention of learning new skills, strenghtening communicational skills and self-esteem, improving focus, relaxation, empowerment and improving occupational performance. Dance activities are being used in mental health field, neurology, physical disability and geriatrics with intention of improving cognitive skills, strenghtening self-esteem and quality of life and alleviating Parkinson\u27s disease\u27s motoric symptoms. Theatre activities are being used in field of geriatrics, pediatrics and with marginal groups, with intention of improving physical performance, self-esteem, quality of life and problem-solving skills, they enable expression, promote self-advocacy, empower and enable acquiring of new knowledge. Craft activities are being used in mental health field, geriatrics, pediatrics and vocational rehabilitation with intention of learning new skills and preserving already acquired skills, strenghtening cognitive and problem solving skills, encouraging routine, increasing the level of socialization, achieving relaxation, encouraging creativity, experiencing state of flow and well-being. Discussion and conclusion: Creative activities have a broad spectrum of use and are therefore suitable for use in occupational therapy on various fields. Most commonly, they are being used with intention of increasing the level of socialization, strenghtening self-esteem, learning new skills and preserving already acquired skills, influencing on persons mood and providing them with opportunities for expression. Use of creative activities in occupational therapy treatment is suitable for different populations, keeping in mind the goals a person has set, their wishes and capabilities and also applying modifications if neccesary