Postpartum depression in immigrants women and its impact on the child

Uvod: Poporodna depresija je pogosto obolenje otročnic. Na razvoj poporodne depresije vplivajo socialno-demografske značilnosti ter številni dejavniki tveganja, ki se razvijejo med nosečnostjo. Priseljenke lahko doživijo višjo stopnjo poporodne depresije kot ne priseljenke. Poporodna depresija ne vpliva le na glavne dimenzije zdravja otročnice, temveč tudi na kognitivni in čustveni razvoj novorojenčka, dojenčka in kasneje otroka. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je opisati PD pri priseljenkah, njihovo soočanje s PD ter ugotoviti škodljive učinke, ki ga ima le ta na duševni in fizični razvoj otroka. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo dela. Izvedli smo sistematičen pregled literature, ki je temeljil v časovnem okviru 2005–2021. Literatura je bila iskana v angleškem jeziku s ključnimi besedami: postpartum depression AND immigrant womensproblems of immigrants AND postpartum depressionimmigrants AND Canadaprovided help AND immigrants AND postpartum depressionimmigrants women AND Canada AND postpartum depressionrisk factors AND postpartum depression AND pregnancypostpartum depression AND experiencenewborn care AND parents depression v podatkovnih bazah PubMed, Medline, CINHAL. V analizo smo vključili 16 enot literature in pet dokumentacijskih virov. Članki so bili ovrednoteni po štiristopenjski lestvici glede na moč dokazov. Rezultati: V Kanadi sama struktura zdravstvenega sistema onemogoči priseljenkam dostop do obstoječih zdravstvenih storitev. Težave nastopijo že pri pridobivanju storitev zaradi birokratskih ovir, priseljenke morajo izpolniti večje število obrazcev, prav tako pa časovna doba za pridobitev osebnega zdravnika lahko traja leto dni ali celo več. Nasprotno Slovenija vsem beguncem in migrantom nudi osnovno zdravstveno varstvo. Obstajajo tudi t.i. pro bono ambulante, ki jih lahko koristijo priseljenke brez urejenega zdravstvenega zavarovanja, in so namenjene le njim. V Kanadi in v Sloveniji imajo priseljenke na razpolago podobne oblike pomoči, kot so: uporaba tolmača ob koristenju zdravstvenih storitev, telefonsko svetovanje, obstoječe podporne skupine ter presejalni testi za zgodnje odkrivanje in preprečevanje PD. Razprava in zaključek: Priseljenke so ena najbolj ogroženih skupin prebivalstva za pojav poporodne depresije, ker se soočajo z dodatnimi dejavniki tveganja, ki povečajo nastanek za razvoj bolezni. Pomembno je zagotoviti dovolj ustreznih oblik podpore, svetovanja in pomoči vsem priseljenkam, saj bi le tako preprečili razvoj poporodne depresije ali vsaj upočasnili njen potek ter hkrati zmanjšali obseg posledic.Introduction: Postpartum depression is a common disease of infants. The development of postpartum depression is in fluenced by socio-demographic characteristics and a number of risk factors that develop during pregnancy. Immigrant women may experience a higher rate of postpartum depression than non-immigrant women. Postpartum depression affects not only the main dimensions of a baby’s health but also the cognitive and emotional development of the newborn, the infant, and later the baby. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma work is to describe PD in immigrant women, their coping with PD and to determine the harmful effects that it has on the mental and physical development of the child. Methods of work: In the diploma work we used a descriptive method of work. We conducted a systematic review of the literature based on the 2005-2021 time frame. The literature was searched in English with the keywords, postpartum depression, AND immigrant womenproblems of immigrants AND postpartum depressionimmigrants AND Canadaprovided help AND immigrants AND postpartum depressionimmigrants women AND Canada AND postpartum depressionrisk factors AND postpartum depression AND pregnancypostpartum depression AND experiencenewborn care AND parents depression in PubMed, Medline, CINHAL data bases. 16 units of literature and 5 documentation sources were included in the analysis. The articles were evaluated on a four-point scale according to the strength of the evidence. Results: In Canada, the very structure of the health care system prevents immigrant women from accessing existing health care services. Difficulties already arise in obtaining services due to bureaucratic obstacles, immigrant women have to fill out a larger number of forms, and the time taken to obtain a personal doctor can take a year or even more. In contrast, Slovenia offers basic health care to all refugees and migrants. There are also pro bono dispensaries, which can be used by immigrant women with out regulated health insurance and are intended only for them. In Canada and Slovenia, immigrant women have similar forms of assistance at their disposal, such as the use of aninterpreter when using health services, telephone counseling, existing support groups, and screening tests for early detection and prevention of PD. Discussion and conclusion: Immigrant women are one of the most vulnerable groups in the population for the occurrence of postpartum depression because they face additional risk factors that in crease the incidence of developing the disease. It is important to provide sufficient appropriate forms of support, counseling, and assistance to all immigrant women, as this is the only way to prevent the development of postpartum depression or at least slow down its course and at the same time reduce the scope of consequences