Influence of the process of manufactouring a basic layer of medical textiles on their functionality

Medicinske tekstilije predstavljajo eno izmed področij tehničnih tekstilij. So izdelki in strukture iz vlaken, ki so namenjene za prvo pomoč ali klinično zdravljenje ran in/ali zdravljenje bolezni, zato morajo ustrezati zahtevam kot so netoksičnost, nerakotvornost, nealergenost, protimikrobnost, biološka razgradljivost in biokompitabilnost. Razvrščamo jih v tekstilije za vsadke, medicinske tekstilije za zunanjo rabo, medicinske tekstilije za ohranjanje zdravja, tekstilije za higienske izdelke in tekstilije v protezah. V okviru diplomske naloge smo primerjali osem različnih netkanih tekstilij, ki se uporabljajo za medicinske tekstilije za ohranjanje zdravja kot filtrni sloj v medicinskih maskah. Netkane tekstilije, ki so obravnavane v delu, so večplastne tekstilije in se razlikujejo glede na postopek izdelave temeljnega sloja. Obravnavani vzorci so izdelani po postopku spunbonding, melt-blowing in kombinacijami obeh. Razlikujejo po številu plasti, kombinacijah postopkov izdelave temeljnega sloja, debelini, premeru vlaken in surovinski sestavi. V eksperimentalnem delu smo določili pretržno silo in pretržni raztezek, zračno prepustnost, prepustnost vodne pare, poroznost in toplotno prevodnost. Na podlagi pridobljenih rezultatov v okviru diplomskega dela lahko zaključimo, da imajo vzorci 3, 4 in 5 optimalno zračno prepustnostda dobro filtrirajo škodljive snovi, ko prehajajo skozi masko za zaščito, prepustnost vodne pare in toplotno prevodnost ter so najbolj primerni za uporabo kot večplastne netkane tekstilije, ki se uporabljajo za medicinske maske.Medical textiles represent one of the fields of technical textiles. They are fiber products and structures intended for first aid or clinical treatment of wounds and/or treatment of diseases and must therefore meet requirements such as non-toxicity, non-carcinogenicity, non-allergenicity, antimicrobiality, biodegradability and biocompatibility. They are classified into textiles for implants, medical textiles for outdoor use, medical textiles for health maintenance, textiles for hygiene products and textiles in prostheses. As part of the thesis, we compared eight different nonwovens used for medical textiles to maintain health, as a fulter layer in medical masks. The nonwovens discussed in the work are multilayer textiles that differ according to the process of making the base layer. The considered samples are made by a combination of spunbonding, meltblowning and combinationsof both procedures. They differ in the number of layers, combinations of web formation processes, thickness, fiber diameter and raw material composition. In the experimental part, we determined the breaking force and breaking elongation, air permeability, water vapor permeability, porosity and thermal conductivity. Based on the results obtained in the thesis we can conclude that samples 3, 4 and 5 have optimal air permeabilityto filter harmful substances well when passing through a mask for protection, water vapor permeability and thermal conductivity and are most suitable for use as multilayer nonwoven textiles used for medical masks