Językoznawstwo kognitywne – perspektywa historyczna

The article offers a brief overview of the most prominent landmarks in the development of Cognitive Linguistics. It starts with the very inception of the field in the late 70s as a strong reaction against a doctrine of generative linguistics dominating at that time. Later the paper describes the cornerstone theories which were at the onset of this linguistic enterprise. From the very beginning the movement was rather diverse and still cannot be defined as one unified theory; however, there has always been one common factor in its approaches which is the centrality of meaning in language study. The works of the second wave of cognitive linguists, which are also outlined in the article, focused even more increasingly on cognitive functions providing insights into the nature and organization of human thoughts. Nowadays the postulates of Cognitive Linguistics are applied not only to all levels of language study but extended to other scientific areas.Artykuł przedstawia zwięzły opis najistotniejszych dokonań w rozwoju językoznawstwa kognitywnego, począwszy od powstania tej dziedziny u schyłku lat 70-tych w odpowiedzi na dominującą w tamtym okresie doktrynę generatywistyki, poprzez przegląd kluczowych teorii składających się na nowy nurt w lingwistyce. Językoznawstwo kognitywne przedstawione jest jako nauka zróżnicowana od samego zarania i nadal nie dająca się wpisać w ujednolicone ramy teoretyczne, ale cechująca się istotnym elementem wspólnym dla wszystkich podejść istniejących w jej obrębie, a mianowicie centralnym miejscem znaczenia w badaniu i opisie języka. W dalszej części pracy porusza się tematykę drugiej fali rozwoju nurtu i najważniejszych prac powstałych w efekcie badań prowadzonych w jej ramach i jeszcze bardziej skoncentrowanych na roli funkcji poznawczych, dzięki którym uzyskuje się pełniejszy wgląd w strukturę aparatu myślowego człowieka. Postulaty współczesnego językoznawstwa kognitywnego mają zastosowanie nie tylko w badaniach językowych, lecz także w wielu innych obszarach nauki.n.shtok@wykladowca.lingwistyka.edu.plLingwistyczna Szkoła Wyższa w WarszawieBaudouin de Courtenay J., [1895] 1972, An attempt at a theory of phonetic alternations, in: A Baudouin de Courtenay anthology: The beginnings of structural linguistics, ed. and trans. E. Stankiewicz, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, pp. 144–213.Brugman C, Lakoff G., 1988, Cognitive topology and lexical networks, in: Lexical Ambiguity Resolution: Perspectives from Psycholinguistics, Neuropsychology, and Artificial Intelligence, eds. L. S., Garrison, W. Cottrell, and M. 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