‍‍‍Production of secondary metabolites and pharmaceutical constituents through tissue and cell culture

Metabolism is known as chemical reactions, which occurs in alive plants. Primary metabolites include main biochemical materials i.e. carbohydrate, protein and fat. Biochemicals other than these three main groups are known as secondary metabolites, which exist in a wide range and are used as pharmaceutical products, food flavors, insecticides and natural dyes. Tissue culture is one of the main approaches in industrial production of secondary metabolites because the potential of their natural production is very limited. The main techniques, which have used in this field, include: cell culture, organ culture & hairy root culture. In order to improve production of secondary metabolites through cell culture several steps one involved: screening & selection of highly productive cell lines, manipulation of nutrients, optimizing the culture environment, use of elicitation, permeabilization of cells and in situ product removal. In general, we can say that using this approach has economical value in the production of natural medicinal compounds