Synergies and trade-offs in ecosystem services’ provision in Sardinia (Italy): A planning-oriented spatial assessment.

Multifunctionality, i.e. nature’s capacity to deliver multiple ecosystem services (ESs), is a key component of a green infrastructure. Investigating multifunctionality through a structured model, grounded on spatial statistics and applied to spatial data on ES provision, can therefore lead to identifying areas of territorial specialization. By applying the model to Sardinian municipalities, this study shows that ESs are provided in bundles, and that some ESs compete with other, hence plan-making processes should carefully assess such trade-offs, as actions aiming at their enhancement can be detrimental to other ESs