Operating speed as a key factor in studying the driver behaviour in a rural context

The research aims to explore the effects of geometric road features on driver speed behaviour in order to identify unsafe road segments where high reductions in speed between successive road elements occur. The sample involves two-lane rural roads on flat terrain (vertical grade less than 5%) in Southern Italy, totalling 184 km without spiral transition curves between the tangent segments and circular elements. The testing was carried out on 567 study sites, of which 248 are on circular curves and 319 on tangents. Speed data collection was carried out in environmental and traffic conditions using a laser. The conditions were the following: dry roads, free flow conditions, daylight hours and good weather conditions. The main goal was to calibrate and validate different operating speed prediction models: a) one model on tangent segments; b) one model on circular curves; c) only one model to be used at the same time on tangents and circular curves. The validation process involved almost 10% of the total road network length, that was removed from the calibration phase. The speed measurements of each of the first two datasets (a, b) were grouped into ten homogeneous substrates while for the remaining dataset (c) sixteen substrates were defined by using a hard c-means algorithm. Two statistical criteria were used to remove anomalous operating speed values from each group of three datasets, namely, the Chauvenet criterion and the Vivatrat method. The first criterion was preferred in the final process of model selection. The results of the first filtering procedure showed more homogeneous samples that guaranteed a higher correlation coefficient and lower residuals of the predictive models during the validation phase than the Vivatrat method. The models were developed using an Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method. The explanatory variables were total segment length, lane width, curvature of the road element, the curvature change rate on homogeneous road segments, and the number of residential driveways per km. ANOVA and additional synthetic statistical parameters were assessed to check the effectiveness of using a single general model to predict operating speeds at the same time on tangents and on circular curves alike. The results suggested the reliability of this hypothesis and its effectiveness in bringing advantages during the application phase