The Characteristics of Mangrove Species Are Based on Water Conditions in Karimunjawa Nasional Park

The mangrove ecosystem in Karimunjawa National Park has an area of 222.2 hectares of mangrove, which functions as a habitat for various types of biota. The condition of the waters will determine the future of the mangrove ecosystem. It aims to identify the characteristics of mangrove species based on the conditions of Karimunjawa waters. The method used is a journal literature review. There are several journals about the characteristics and conditions of different mangroves. The results of this study various mangrove ecosystems can live in the waters of Karimunjawa. Based on the results of the study during the literature review, there are 9 types of mangroves in Karimunjawa, namely: Cerriops tagal, Lumnitzera racemosa, Rhizophora apicullata, Rhizophora stylosa, Sonneratia caseolaris, Excoracia agalloca, Rhizophora mucronata, Scyphilappuphoranata and Xcyphillappuburanata, which can survive on 3 substrates, rocky ground, sand. Mangroves can grow in shallow water ecosystems because the shape of their roots can help adapt to the aquatic environment. Mangroves can live in salty or brackish areas ranging from 11-25‰. It was concluded that the type of substrate and water conditions affect mangroves to live in harmony