OPTIMIZACIÓN DEL DISEÑO DE MUROS DE CONTENCIÓN EMPLEANDO ALGORITMO SIMULATED ANNEALING MODIFICADO

In this paper, a procedure is developed for designing low-weight cantilever reinforced concrete retaining walls, using modified simulated annealing algorithm (MSAA). The objective of the optimization is to minimize the total weight per unit length of the retaining structure based on the ACI 318-05 procedure. The algorithm is validated using two benchmark case studies with continuous variables for wall geometry and discrete variables for steel reinforcement to optimize the structural design. Finally, the numerical results demonstrate the efficiency of the presented algorithm for this class of problems. Keywords: Optimization; retaining walls; modified simulated annealing algorithm. References [1] C. V. Camp and A. Alkin, "Design of Retaining Walls Using Big Bang–Big Crunch Optimization", J. Struct. Eng., vol. 138, no. 3, pp. 438-448, 2012.  [2] B. Ceranic, C. Fryer, and R. W. Baines, "An application of simulated annealing to the optimum design of reinforced concrete retaining structures", Comput. Struct, vol. 79, no. 17, pp. 1569-1581, 2001. [3]V. Yepes, J. Alcala, C. Perea, and F. González- Vidosa, "A parametric study of optimum earth-retaining walls by simulated annealing", Eng. Struct, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 821-830, 2008. [4]A. Kaveh and A. Abadi, "Harmony search based algorithm for the optimum cost design of reinforced concrete cantilever retaining walls", Int. J. Civ. Eng., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1-8, 2010.  [5] A. Gandomi, A. Kashani, D. Roke, and M. Mousavi, "Optimization of retaining wall design using recent swarm intelligence techniques," Engineering Structures, vol. 103, pp. 72-84, 2015.  [6] C. Coello, A. D. Christiansen and F. Santos, "A simple genetic algorithm for the design of reinforced concrete beams", Eng. Comput., vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 185- 196, 1997.  [7] S. Rajeev and C. S. Krishnamoorthy, "Genetic algorithms-based methodology for design optimization of reinforced concrete frames", Comput. Aided Civ. Infrastruct. Eng., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 63-74, 1998.  [8] C. V. Camp, S. Pezeshk and H. Hansson, "Flexural design of reinforced concrete frames using a genetic algorithm", J. Struct. Eng., vol. 129, no. 1, pp. 105-115, 2003.  [9] C. L. Lee and J. Ahn, "Flexural design of reinforced concrete frames by genetic algorithm", J. Struct. Eng., vol. 129, no. 6, p. 762–774, 2003.  [10] M. G. Sahab, A. F. Ashour, and V. V. Toropov, "Cost optimisation of reinforced concrete flat slab buildings", Eng. Struct., vol. 27, no. 3, p. 313–322, 2004.En este trabajo, se desarrolla un procedimiento para el diseño de muros de contención de hormigón armado de bajo peso, empleando el algoritmo simulated annealing modificado (ASAM). El objetivo de la optimización es minimizar el peso total por unidad de longitud de la estructura de retención basado en el procedimiento de la ACI 318-05. El algoritmo es validado utilizando dos problemas de referencia con variables continuas para la geometría del muro y variables discretas en el acero de refuerzo para la optimización del diseño estructural. Finalmente, los resultados numéricos demuestran la eficiencia del algoritmo presentado para este tipo de problemas. Palabras clave: Optimización, muros de contención, algoritmo simulated annealing modificado. Referencias [1] C. V. Camp y A. Alkin, "Design of Retaining Walls Using Big Bang–Big Crunch Optimization", J. Struct. Eng., vol. 138, no. 3, pp. 438-448, 2012.  [2] B. Ceranic, C. Fryer, y R. W. Baines, "An application of simulated annealing to the optimum design of reinforced concrete retaining structures", Comput. Struct, vol. 79, no. 17, pp. 1569-1581, 2001. [3]V. Yepes, J. Alcala, C. Perea, y F. González- Vidosa, "A parametric study of optimum earth-retaining walls by simulated annealing", Eng. Struct, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 821-830, 2008. [4]A. Kaveh y A. Abadi, "Harmony search based algorithm for the optimum cost design of reinforced concrete cantilever retaining walls", Int. J. Civ. Eng., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1-8, 2010.  [5] A. Gandomi, A. Kashani, D. Roke, y M. Mousavi, "Optimization of retaining wall design using recent swarm intelligence techniques," Engineering Structures, vol. 103, pp. 72-84, 2015.  [6] C. Coello, A. D. Christiansen y F. Santos, "A simple genetic algorithm for the design of reinforced concrete beams", Eng. Comput., vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 185- 196, 1997.  [7] S. Rajeev y C. S. Krishnamoorthy, "Genetic algorithms-based methodology for design optimization of reinforced concrete frames", Comput. Aided Civ. Infrastruct. Eng., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 63-74, 1998.  [8] C. V. Camp, S. Pezeshk, y H. Hansson, "Flexural design of reinforced concrete frames using a genetic algorithm", J. Struct. Eng., vol. 129, no. 1, pp. 105-115, 2003.  [9] C. L. Lee y J. Ahn, "Flexural design of reinforced concrete frames by genetic algorithm", J. Struct. Eng., vol. 129, no. 6, p. 762–774, 2003.  [10] M. G. Sahab, A. F. Ashour, y V. V. Toropov, "Cost optimisation of reinforced concrete flat slab buildings", Eng. Struct., vol. 27, no. 3, p. 313–322, 2004