Waste byiodrying

Sve bržim rastom stanovništva dolazi i do povećanja proizvodnje komunalnog otpada. Samim time raste i potreba za novim načinima zbrinjavanja otpada. Koristeći se novim tehnologijama omogućeno je rješavanje problema mehaničko-biološkom obradom otpada. Biosušenje je proces u kojem se uz pomoć zraka (kisika) aerobnom razgradnjom komunalni otpad suši i stabilizira. Uslijed mikrobiološke aktivnosti nastaje toplina te dolazi do oslobađanja vode iz otpada, dio prelazi u paru, a dio se procjeđuje kroz drenažni sloj na dnu reaktora. Dobiveni suh i stabilizirani materijal može se upotrijebiti za daljnju preradu, točnije dobivanje goriva iz otpada. U okviru ovog završnog rada provodio se pokus biosušenja na umjetnom uzorku komunalnog otpada pomoću vlastito napravljenog bio-reaktora za simulaciju pokusa biosušenja u laboratorijskim uvjetima. Tijekom perioda od 14 dana u bio-reaktor se dovodilo 20 litara zraka u minuti po 3 sata dnevno. Tijekom pokusa bilježile su se emisije plinova, slijeganje otpada, temperatura otpada te i vlažnost na ulazu i izlazu iz bioreaktora i kutije za kondicioniranje zraka. Osim toga, kontinuirano se mjerila temperatura, vlažnost i tlak zraka okoliša. Prosječna razlika u vlažnosti otpada na početku i kraju pokusa utvrđena na više manjih uzoraka u sušioniku iznosila je 17,6%.The faster growth of the population leads to an increase in the production of municipal waste. As a result, the need for new ways of disposing of waste is growing. By using new technologies, such as mechanical-biological treatment of waste, it is possible to solve these problems. Biodrying is a process in which municipal waste is dried and stabilized by the air (oxygen) through the process of aerobic decomposition. Due to a microbiological activity, heat is generated and water is released from waste. A part of it turns into steam and a part of it is filtered through a drainage layer at the bottom of a reactor. The obtained dry and stabilized material can be used for further processing, more precisely for obtaining fuel from waste. As part of this bachelor thesis, a biodrying experiment was performed on an artificial sample of municipal waste by using a self-made bio-reactor in order to simulate a biodrying experiment in laboratory conditions. During a period of 14 days, 20 litres of air per minute were fed into the bio-reactor for 3 hours a day. During the experiment, gas emissions, waste settling, waste temperature and humidity at the inlet and outlet of the bioreactor and air conditioning box were recorded. In addition, temperature, humidity and air pressure of the environment were continuously measured. The average difference in waste moisture on several smaller samples in the dryer at the beginning and at the end of the experiment was 17.6%