In this thesis, we study some behaviours of random walks in random environemnts and reinforced random walks. We will first look at random walks in Dirichlet environment and then at two models of reinforced walks: the linealry edge-reinforced random walk and the vertex reinforced jump process. Random walks in Dirichlet environment are a special case of random walk in random environments that exhibit an important property simplifiant leur étude: the statistical invariance by time reversal. We will first use this property to characterize the asymptotic behaviour of these walks in dimensions 3 and higher when they are transient with zero speed. In this case we show that their behaviour is characterized by a stable process. Then we show that thi...