Survey of the Galactic Plane with the Cherenkov Telescope Array

International audienceObservations with the current generation of very-high-energy gamma-ray telescopes have revealedan astonishing variety of particle accelerators in the MilkyWay, such as supernova remnants, pulsarwind nebulae, and binary systems. The upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) will be thefirst instrument to enable a survey of the entire Galactic plane in the energy range from a fewtens of GeV to 300 TeV with unprecedented sensitivity and improved angular resolution. In thiscontribution we will revisit the scientific motivations for the survey, proposed as a Key ScienceProject for CTA. We will highlight recent progress, including improved physically-motivatedmodels for Galactic source populations and interstellar emission, advance on the optimizationof the survey strategy, and the development of pipelines to derive source catalogues tested onsimulated data. Based on this, we will provide a new forecast on the properties of the sources thatCTA will detect and discuss the expected scientific return from the study of gamma-ray sourcepopulations