A Review of DC Microgrid Energy Management Systems Dedicated to Residential Applications

International audienceThe fast depletion of fossil fuels and the growing awareness of the need for environmentalprotection have led us to the energy crisis. Positive development has been achieved since the lastdecade by the collective effort of scientists. In this regard, renewable energy sources (RES) are beingdeployed in the power system to meet the energy demand. The microgrid concept (AC, DC) isintroduced, in which distributed energy resources (DERs), the energy storage system (ESS) andloads are interconnected. DC microgrids are appreciated due to their high efficiency and reliabilityperformance. Despite its significant growth, the DC microgrid is still relatively novel in terms of gridarchitecture and control systems. In this context, an energy management system (EMS) is essentialfor the optimal use of DERs in secure, reliable, and intelligent ways. Therefore, this paper strives toshed light on DC microgrid architecture, control structure, and EMS. With an extensive literaturesurvey on EMSs’ role, different methods and strategies related to microgrid energy management arecovered in this article. More attention is centered on the EMS for DC microgrids in terms of size andcost optimization. A very concise analysis of multiple optimization methods and techniques hasbeen presented exclusively for residential applications