Fault detection and diagnosis are essential elements for the condition monitoring of photovoltaic (PV) panels. This thesis proposes a new four-step strategy (modelling, pre-processing, extraction, and analysis of signatures) using full current-voltage characteristics (I-V curves). The modelling is based on an approach driven by simulated or measured data. For the pre-processing, to mitigate the effects of the different measurement conditions, we proposed an improved I-V curve correction procedure that is better adapted to defective panels than the standard ones. Besides, the current vector is resampled to have the same number of points. For feature extraction after this pre-processing, three methods are developed: direct use of the I-V feat...