Pollinator conservation in the context of global changes with a focus on France and Belgium

International audienceThe decline of pollinators has been demonstrated scientifically and this phenomenon is widely recognized by both the general public and by stakeholders. Since pollinators face different threats that are all linked to human activities, there is a unique and unprecedented responsibility for people to conserve pollinators, requiring political action to counter the substantial worldwide risk of pollinator loss. As our perception of the situation is rapidly changing, as a result of the steady accumulation of international and national reports as well as new scientific findings, we propose here to provide an updated overview of pollinator conservation globally. We present the key messages and the proposed solutions found in international reports and assessments, how European countries have interpreted these solutions proposed in the context of existing international frameworks. Next, we analyze how scientific research is addressing the issue of pollinator conservation through different international, European and national programs. The analysis of the keywords used in published scientific articles also allows us to characterize how the scientific community has engaged with this issue over time. Finally, we focus on how France and Belgium have reacted to the observed decline of pollinators, and examine their national interpretations, conservation actions and research contributions