The Plant Journal

Summary Food legumes are crucial for all agriculture-related societal challenges including climate change mitigation, agrobiodiversity conservation, sustainable agriculture, food security and human health. The transition to plant-based diets, largely based on food legumes, could present major opportunities for adaptation and mitigation, generating significant co-benefits for human health. The characterization, maintenance and exploitation of food-legume genetic resources, to date largely unexploited, form the core development of both sustainable agriculture and healthy food system. INCREASE will implement, on chickpea, common bean, lentil and lupin, a new approach to conserve, manage and characterise genetic resources,. Intelligent Collections, consisting of nested core collections, composed of single seed decent (SSD) purified accessions (i.e. inbred lines), will be developed, exploiting germplasm available both from genebanks, and on-farm, and subjected to different level of genotypic and phenotypic characterization. Phenotyping and gene discovery activities will meet, via participatory approach, the needs of various actors including breeders, scientists, farmers, agri-food and non-food industry, exploiting also the power of massive metabolomics and transcriptomics and of artificial intelligence and smart tools. Moreover, INCREASE will test, with a citizen science experiment, an innovative system of conservation and use of genetic resources based on a decentalised approach for data management and dynamic conservation. By promoting the use of food legumes, improving their quality, adaptation and yield, and boosting the competitiveness of agriculture and food sector, INCREASE strategy will have a major impact on economy and society, and represents a case study of integrative and participatory approaches towards conservation and exploitation of crop genetic resources