Wiles and wanderings: immune-evasive maneuvers of skin-penetrating parasites

Skin-penetrating parasites have something in common; they all need to evade the initial immune response in the skin in order to avoid being evicted by their hostile host and establish an infection. To do so, they are equipped with the necessary cunning stratagems. For example, they can act directly on immune cells to alter their function and they can optimize their migration patterns to their hostile environment. This thesis is aimed at unravelling those mechanisms. We study two devastating parasitic diseases: Malaria and Schistosomiasis. Both deadly and debilitating parasitic diseases, with over 200 million (malaria) and over 240 million (schistosomiasis) cases annually; the need for potent vaccines is evident. Whole weakened parasites can be used to vaccinate individuals against parasitic diseases like malaria. However, delivery of these parasites in the skin, as is commonly done in vaccinations, reduces their protectivity. We hypothesize that this reduction is caused by parasite-mediated immune-regulatory mechanisms that are initiated upon their first encounter with immune cells in the skin. We investigated whether skin penetrating parasites exploit these existing mechanisms in human skin in order to enhance their survival.