Migration control in Britain, France and Germany after 9/11

The terrorist attack on the World Trade Center in September 2001 has brought significant changes to the notions of security. It opened the eyes of many political leaders and institutions that a threat may not only come from states, but it may also come from individuals. The fear that individuals alone can threaten the security of the state brought migration into the agenda of security. Right after 9/11 the U.S. launched several legislations concerning the detention of suspected terrorists. This is done by reevaluating and redefining their migration control. The threat that potential terrorists may come and go into a country\u27s border reached the European Union. The three countries where Muslim communities are abundant were immediately threatened. France, Germany and Britain immediately made several changes into their migration policies right after the attack. This study follows the framework of the Copenhagen School, and it shows how these three countries responded to a non-traditional threat