A causal model of spirituality, stress, work values, and management effectiveness of school managers

The study attempted to propose a causal model of spirituality, stress, work values, and management effectiveness for school managers. It determined the profile of school managers in terms of their level of spiritual intelligence, level of stress, level of work values, and level of management effectiveness. It likewise determined the relationship between independent variables spiritual intelligence, stress and work values and criterion variable management effectiveness. The study is a combination of quantitative and qualitative design. It measured and described the profiles of the participants in terms of selected variables. It also attempted to estimate the extent to which spirituality, stress, work values and management effectiveness are related to each other. It likewise described and identified the views, opinion and ideas of school managers about their spirituality, their sources of stress and coping styles, and their work values. The instruments that were used to gather quantitative data were the Psychomatrix Spiritual Inventory (PSI), the Administrative Stress Index (ASI), the Filipino Work Values Scale (FWVS) and the Organizational Performance Scale (OPS). The study also made use of the semi-structured interview-guide to gather the qualitative data. The participants of the study were the 48 school managers of the three Lyceum schools in the Philippines. Their direct subordinates also acted as co-participants of the study when they assessed the management effectiveness of their immediate superior. The data gathered from the survey were tallied, tabulated, organized and coded. The processing of the data was handled by the Institute of Statistics of the University of the Philippines, Los Banos, using the SAS package and the SPSS software. Two levels of statistical treatment were employed by the study, namely the descriptive and inferential. For treatment of the descriptive data, weighted means, frequency counts, and percentages were used. Correlation and regression analyses were used to determine the relationship of independent variables spiritual intelligence, stress, work values with criterion variable management effectiveness. Path analysis was used to come up with a causal model of spirituality, stress, work values and management effectiveness. Findings revealed that generally, spiritual school managers have the capacity to acquire high level of work values. These individuals with high level of work values are also able to maintain their stress levels positively, in such a way that their stress become a source of positive energies that challenged them to become effective managers and leaders of their organizations. Increase in intellectual and managerial work values of the school managers could negatively influence their management effectiveness, particularly in the areas of goal setting, communication, interaction influence and feedback. The practice of honesty and fairness of the school managers will give them increased competencies as effective managers and leaders. Similarly, managers who demonstrate concerns and caring for human resources can expect higher capacity to influence the behavior of people in the organization. Generally, people with high level of extra sensory perception will increase their abilities to have good interpersonal skills and may also increase their reliability to decide correctly. Meanwhile, generally, individuals with high level of childhood spirituality could enhance the capacity to communicate effectively