Characteristic and Ideological Orientation of Islamic Movements

In some literatures, the labeling of revivalism phenomena in the Muslim world frequently applies different terminologies, such as al-ba‘th al-Islâmî (Islamic Renaissance), al-sahwâ al-Islâmîyah (Islamic awakening), ihyâ’ al-dîn (religious revival), and al-usûliyah al-Islâmîyah (Islamic fundamentalism) (Dekmejian, 1998:4-5). Precisely, the terminology of Islamic fundamentalism suggests Islamic movements that focus on attainment to fundamentally formulate the teaching of faith, the foundation of Islamic followers and politics, and the basis of power legitimacy (shar‘iyat al-hukm). In the advanced stage, Islamic fundamentalism represents particularly political dimension of Islamic movements. Based on Western perspective, Islamic fundamentalism has a new meaning that is radicalism. Western media often use fundamentalism to label religious movements that provoke violence to attain their purposes. Commonly, fundamentalism is used to label some political groups in Palestine, Aljazeera, Iran, Egypt, Afghanistan even Indonesia