Hierarquia Organizacional: uma Crítica de Poder e Interdependência: Organizational Hierarchy: a Critique of Power and Interdependence

The article intends to rethink the inequality in International Relations based on the book Power and interdependence, published in 1977 by Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye. Relying on discourse analysis, it is argued that, contrary to what the authors say, the new political processes that characterize international politics since the beginning of the twentieth century did not resulted necessarily in the decrease of international hierarchy. On the contrary, international organizations allow the articulation of other forms of discrimination among the states that cannot be reduced to economic factors or asymmetries of power. The core discussion about inequality in the work of Keohane and Nye is on the very concept of complex interdependence, which divides the international system between the "advanced" or "pluralistic, industrialized," and those that cannot join this group without the proper adjustments. Therefore, international organizations would not be factors that decrease the hierarchy in the international system but are reproducing inequality through the allocation of “organizationally dependent capabilities”.O artigo faz uma crítica de Poder e interdependência, publicada em 1977 por Robert Keohane e Joseph Nye, com o objetivo de desvelar o teor normativo da obra. Argumenta-se que, ao contrário do que os autores afirmam, os novos processos políticos que caracterizam a política internacional desde o início do século XX não necessariamente resultaram na diminuição da hierarquia no sistema internacional. Pelo contrário, as organizações internacionais permitem a articulação de outras formas de discriminação entre os Estados que não podem ser resumidas a fatores econômicos ou assimetrias de poder. O cerne da discussão sobre a hierarquia na obra de Keohane e Nye está no próprio conceito de interdependência complexa, o qual divide o sistema internacional entre os “avançados” e aqueles que não podem fazer parte desse grupo. As organizações internacionais, portanto, não seriam fatores que diminuiriam a hierarquia no sistema internacional, mas reproduziriam discriminações por meio da atribuição de “capacidades dependentes de organizações”.     Abstract: The article is a critic Power and Interdependence, published in 1977 by Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye, with the goal of exposing the normative content of the book. It is argued that, contrary to what the authors say, the new political processes that characterize international politics since the beginning of the twentieth century did not result necessarily in the decrease of international hierarchy. On the contrary, international organizations allow the articulation of other forms of discrimination among the states that cannot be reduced to economic factors or asymmetries of power. The core discussion about hierarchy in the work of Keohane and Nye is on the very concept of complex interdependence, which divides the international system between the "advanced" and those that cannot join this group. Therefore, international organizations would not be factors that decrease the hierarchy in the international system but reproduce discrimination through the allocation of “organizationally dependent capabilities”. Key words: Interdependence; hierarchy; international order.     Recebido em: setembro/2018.Aprovado em: março/2019