Risk factors for cervical lymph node metastasis in superficial head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Introduction: The necessity of transoral surgery for head and neck carcinoma is increasing, but its indications for the treatment of superficial head and neck carcinomas have not yet been established. This study was intended to help establish the standard indications for transoral surgery and additional therapy in patients with superficial head and neck carcinoma. Methods: Sixty-two patients with 83 superficial head and neck carcinoma underwent transoral tumor resection at the Cancer Institute Hospital between June 2006 and September 2011. We measured the tumor size and thickness, examined the gross appearance, permeation of vessels, and droplet infiltration, and analyzed the correlations between each parameter. Results: Sessile type of tumor on gross appearance showed a significantly higher incidence of thickness ≥1000 μm than the other types. Tumor thickness ≥1000 μm was associated with higher incidences of permeation of vessels, droplet infiltration, and cervical lymph node metastasis. Conclusions: In superficial head and neck carcinoma, if the endoscopic gross appearance is the sessile type, tumor thickness is likely to be ≥1000 μm and risk of cervical lymph node metastasis is increased