New Trends in Disease and Pest Management: Challenges and Opportunities

Horticultural and field crops are affected by a number of pests and diseases caused by arthropods, bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, viruses, virus-like organisms, and nematodes. The geographical range of most of these pests and pathogens is expanding as a result of growing global trade and environmental change [1]. Perennial horticultural crops are grown for a number of years; thus, long-term strategic decisions on pest and disease management are critical. Cultivar and rootstock selection as well as orchard planning should be defined prior to crop establishment. Short-term tactical decisions, such as spraying of plant protection products and cultural practices, should also be planned and implemented for proper pest and disease management [2]. Field crops are cultivated over large areas and management strategies should carefully consider the spatial dimensions and complex interactions with the surrounding landscape