The objective of this study is to see if, in the long term and in the short term, trade openness stimulates economic growth by focusing on Africa over the period 1999 to 2019 for 35 African countries (20 French-speaking countries and 15 English-speaking countries). We use panel cointegration tests and a Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimation model from Pesaran, Shin & Smith (1999) using three measures of trade openness (COM, EXP and IMP) to explore the relationship between economic growth and trade openness. The results show evidence of a cointegrating relationship between the variables of interest and reveal that trade openness can have a favorable impact on long-term growth. They show that the benefits of trading are not automatic. The ef...