Ajuda pública no Equador: análise do mercado de comercialização de commodities agrícolas

RESUMEN:El presente trabajo tiene por objeto determinar si las medidas regulatorias implementadas de facto por el Estado ecuatoriano en el mercado de comercialización de productos básicos agrí­colas, especí­ficamente, en productos como el maí­z, la leche cruda y el suero de leche, y el arroz, cumplen con los objetivos determinados por la Ley de Control de Poder de Mercado y su Reglamento; y, por lo tanto, pueden ser determinadas como ayudas públicas. Conforme se analiza, las ayudas públicas se pueden conferir por razones de interés social o público, o en beneficio de los consumidores; y, en el sector agrí­cola, a efectos impulsar la producción y transformación de alimentos, destinadas a garantizar la soberaní­a alimentaria y que se otorguen a pequeñas y medianas unidades de producción comunitaria y de la economí­a popular y solidaria. Se concluye que la Superintendencia de Control del Poder de Mercado es el órgano llamado al análisis de la eficiencia de las medidas teniendo en cuenta que, al no existir una polí­tica clara de competencia, actualmente, no se puede determinar si efectivamente estas medidas son económicamente eficientes; o, si por el contrario, las polí­ticas adoptadas en lugar de beneficiar a la economí­a nacional, la afectan negativamente. ABSTRACT:The purpose of this paper is to determine if the regulatory measures implemented de facto by the Ecuadorian State for the commercialization of primary agricultural products, correctly, in products such as corn, raw milk and whey, and rice, comply with the objectives determined by the Organic Law for the Regulation and Control of Market Power and its Regulations. Furthermore, it can be determined as public aid. As analyzed, public aids can be conferred for reasons of social or public interest, or the benefit of consumers; and, in the Ecuadorian agricultural market in order to promote the production and transformation of food, aimed at guaranteeing food sovereignty and that are granted to small and mediumsized units of community production and of the famous and solidarity economy. It is concluded that the Superintendency of Control of Market Power is the public organism called to analyze the efficiency of the regulatory measures, taking into account that, since there is no clear competition policy, it cannot be determined whether these measures are indeed economically efficient; or on the contrary, the regulations harm the national economy. KEYWORDS: Public aids, agricultural sector, ecuadorian primary products market, price-fixing. JEL CODE / CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: Q39, Q12  ABSTRACT:The purpose of this paper is to determine if the regulatory measures implemented de facto by the Ecuadorian State for the commercialization of primary agricultural products, correctly, in products such as corn, raw milk and whey, and rice, comply with the objectives determined by the Organic Law for the Regulation and Control of Market Power and its Regulations. Furthermore, it can be determined as public aid. As analyzed, public aids can be conferred for reasons of social or public interest, or the benefit of consumers; and, in the Ecuadorian agricultural market in order to promote the production and transformation of food, aimed at guaranteeing food sovereignty and that are granted to small and mediumsized units of community production and of the famous and solidarity economy. It is concluded that the Superintendency of Control of Market Power is the public organism called to analyze the efficiency of the regulatory measures, taking into account that, since there is no clear competition policy, it cannot be determined whether these measures are indeed economically efficient; or on the contrary, the regulations harm the national economy. KEYWORDS: Public aids, agricultural sector, ecuadorian primary products market, price-fixing. JEL CODE: Q39, Q12 &nbsp