Ruthenium(0) nanoparticles supported on magnetic silica coated cobalt ferrite: Reusable catalyst in hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis of ammonia-borane

Ruthenium(0) nanoparticles supported on magnetic silica-coated cobalt ferrite (Ru(0)/SiO2-CoFe2O4) were in situ generated from the reduction of Ru3+/SiO2-CoFe2O4 during the catalytic hydrolysis of ammonia-borane (AB). Ruthenium(III) ions were impregnated on SiO2-CoFe2O4 from the aqueous solution of ruthenium(III) chloride and then reduced by AB at room temperature yielding Ru(0)/SiO2-CoFe2O4 which were isolated from the reaction solution by using a permanent magnet and characterized by ICP-OES, XRD, TEM, TEM-EDX and XPS techniques. The resulting magnetically isolable Ru(0)/SiO2-CoFe2O4 were found to be highly reusable catalyst in hydrolysis of AB retaining 94% of their initial catalytic activity even after tenth run. Ru(0)/SiO2-CoFe2O4 provide the highest catalytic activity after the tenth use in hydrolysis of AB as compared to the other ruthenium catalysts. The work reported here also includes the formation kinetics of ruthenium(0) nanoparticles. The evaluation of rate constants for the nucleation and autocatalytic surface growth of ruthenium(0) nanoparticles at various temperatures provides the estimation of activation energy for both reactions; E-a = 116 +/- 7 kJ/mol for the nucleation and E-a = 51 +/- 2 kJ/mol for the autocatalytic surface growth of ruthenium(0) nanoparticles. The report also includes the activation energy of the catalytic hydrogen generation from the hydrolysis of AB (E-a = 45 +/- 2 kJ/mol) determined from the evaluation of temperature dependent kinetic data and the effect of catalyst concentration on the rate of hydrolysis of AB